Pulling the Wool an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Pulling the Wool by Expert Prof.Ashley | 02 Dec 2016 Abstract Need essay sample on "Pulling the Wool" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The sharp contrast between William Smiths Lectures on the Philosophy and Practice of Slavery and Frederick Douglasss Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave leads to important conclusions about the vast differences in perception between those who owned and those who were owned in the period of American slavery. Smiths work implores his fellow White landowners to practice what he sees as a just treatment of African slaves. However, his contempt for abolitionists and belief that Northerners are off the mark in understanding the state of slavery in the South show his belief that the institution itself is appropriate, even God-driven, and that only a minority of slave owners may require correction. Moreover, what drives Smiths philosophythe very religion from which Douglass saw the greatest brutality spring forthcauses him to assert and reassert the necessity of slavery for both White landowner and African slave. One cannot help but be struck by the stark contrast Smiths work shows to the real-life experiences of the ex-slave Frederick Douglass as he recounts a life in which all of Smiths proposals are brutally and routinely disregarded. Pulling the Wool: Slavery in the Opposing Eyes of Frederick Douglass and William Smith William Smiths Lectures on the Philosophy and Practice of Slavery and Frederick Douglasss Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave offer a stark contrast between the two mens views on American slavery. Smith, a White proponent of slavery, outlines what he believes to be a proper and just relationship between master and slave, and disparages those slave owners who do not follow the tenets of this relationship. However, he never hesitates in stating his full support for the institution itself. Douglass, who bears the burden of slavery firsthand, reveals to the reader a world vastly different from the fat, sleek, and cheerful, and long-lived (Smith, 1856, p. 291) slaves of some of Smiths observances. His own journey from slavery to freedom affords the reader a view into a brilliant mind in contrast to what Smith (1856) believes can only be the equivalent of minors, imbeciles, and uncivilized persons (p. 282). It is Douglasss account of his awakening, from a young slave ignorant of the reasons for his bondage to a learned man of inalienable self-respect, which topples the entire premise of Smiths philosophy. Smith believes the teachings of the Christian Bible dictate the proper relationship between master and servant. Smith (1856) also details what he sees as a moral imperative on the part of White landowners to have guardianship (p. 277) over Gods poor, committed to [the benevolent White master] (p. 309), believing that they must control and protect them for their profit as well as work them for [the slave and slave owners] mutual profit. (309). In Smiths estimation, slavery is proper and just because he assumes White intellectual and moral superiority over the African slave. He never confuses his call for benevolent treatment of slaves with the idea that the institution itself may be unjust. Smith lays out what he believes are the rights of slaves according to both Christian doctrine and the law of men in his society. He pides the duties of the master into 3 main categories: the duty of masters to their slaves considered as their money, their duty to their slaves considered as social beings, and their duty to their slaves considered as religious beings (Smith, 1856, p. 283). In the first part, concerning slaves considered as masters money, Smith includes all of the physical needs of the slave. Working conditions, food, clothing and bedding, sleep and rest, housing, and free time are all detailed according to what Smith sees as ideal treatment. Woven into the framework of these requirements is a Christian code that reminds the master that he, too, will have a master in heaven. (p. 277). Smith begins by discussing the rights of the slave in regard to labor. Interestingly, Smith (1856) first focuses on what he calls a known idleness (p. 284) among slaves and warns slave owners to be dutiful in making their slaves accountable for their labor. He weaves a pattern that not only offers a sense of Christian duty on the part of the slave owner, but of the slave as well. It is Smiths insistence upon the righteousness of slavery as a Christian imperative that continues to inform and guide his philosophy. Likewise, in all of the other physical comforts he asks the slave owner to provide the slave, he asks the slave owner to give unto your servant that which is just and equal, knowing that ye also have a master in heaven (Smith, 1856, pp. 278-279). While Smith admonishes those he believes violate the Christian mandate, he shows some confidence that there is not a crisis in the treatment of slaves. In condemnation of the attitudes of Northern abolitionists, he says that A most f anatical spirit is abroad in the land on the subject of domestic slavery. The inhumanity of masters at the South is greatly exaggerated (Smith, 1856, p. 278). He goes on to compare the treatment of Southern slaves as equivalent to that of hired help in the North. Smith seems on one hand to implore the White master to better the circumstances of his slaves in order to save his very soul from damnation, while on the other to denounce the efforts of the Northern advocates of freedom. He truly believes in a system of slavery wherein the slave is completely satisfied with his lot in life, and the landowner finds himself a benevolent overseer who will profit in life and in heaven. The other two sections of Smiths call to righteous treatment of slaves follow a vein similar to the first. He repeatedly denounces those masters who violate his ideal image of slavery while insisting on the justness and necessity of the institution itself. While Smiths ideal slavery leads the reader to envision sunny pastures with young Black slave children frolicking and elders laughing and singing merrily, Douglasss account of real slave life offers a startling contrast. All of the Christian mandates of Smiths slavery are turned asunder, and, in fact, it is the very observance of the religion which causes some of the harshest abuses to occur. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, Douglass witnesses repeated acts of brutality upon the adult slaves in his company. The rumored son of the master, Douglass is given some favor in his early years, although he is never fed or clothed enough. Held up to Smiths view of slavery, Douglasss constant hunger and discomfort seem all the more intolerable. If one compares the specifics, Smiths work calls for slaves to be offered a variety of the plantations food, cooked well and prepared ahead of time so that slaves may enjoy good nutrition and take two-hour lunches to properly digest their meal. Douglasss reality, a measly monthly supply of pork or fish and corn meal doled out uncooked, makes Smiths (1856) vision of the early roasting ear, the ripe fruit, the melons, the potatoes, the fat stock(pp. 297-298) seem like paradise for a slave. In contrast, Douglass, in chapter 3, describes a large and plentiful garden that slaves were routinely whipped for stealing from. Later, living with another master, Edward Covey, Douglass and his fellow slaves are afforded 5 minutes to eat before returning to the field to work until midnight. Douglasss account of his years in bondage read like a response to Smith at every turn. Douglass recounts continual starvation and discomfort, a world wherein his only clothing as a child was a linen shirt. While Smith talks of coats, hats, and shoes, Douglass speaks of children from 7 to ten years old running naked in winter for lack of clothing. While Smith discusses the necessity for comfortable beds and encourages the master to set up separate quarters to encourage fidelity and morality among slaves he believes are less geared toward fidelity than Whites, Douglass speaks with disgust of unrelated groups of people huddled together on dirt floors sharing a blanket in winter. Douglasss journey lands him in completely different circumstances when he is taken to live in Baltimore with family members of his master, and he shows a different side of slave life in the city. However, perhaps the greatest indictment against Smiths Christian ideal comes when the mistress of the house changes her demeanor from warm, humane, and welcoming to harsh and cruel under the fatal poison of irresponsible power (Douglass, 1845, p 18). Douglass (1845) notes that the cheerful eye, under the influence of slavery, soon became red with rage (p. 18). Douglass shows how, no matter what steps one may take to set a proper course for slavery, to offer the best of worlds for all involved, the premise cannot but collapse under the weight of its injustice. Setting a proper course for slavery is suddenly seen as being as impossible as setting a proper and just course for murder or betrayal. In Douglasss experience, the inhumanity of slavery leads to dead souls performing hideous acts upon their subjects. There is no room for benevolent treatment in a reality based on the subjugation and demoralization of others. Perhaps the most striking difference between the two mens view comes in the story of Douglasss outcast grandmother. He describes how, after raising generations of a plantation owners family as well as her own, she is left alone in the woods in a hovel to fend for herself, far from the care of her extended family. Smith asks the reader why it should be difficult to afford the elderly the soothing hand of relatives in his or her final days, and he implores the master to see that the older slaves are given the respect and care they have a right to. There is a grave sadness in the story of Douglasss grandmother who, treated like chattel, is offered no such comfort. If Douglasss account leaves the reader with anything, it is the impression that religion and the benefit of being on the fortunate side of a brutal reality have pulled the wool over Smiths eyes. It is hard to imagine that Smiths reflections are a mere cover for his undying support for slavery; he truly seems to believe that Christian charity, manifest destiny, and the rights of everyone involved can merge to form an ideal state of slavery. It is his undying belief in the inferiority of the African slave that ultimately makes him comfortable with the situation. One sees, however, that it is no secret to even the least experienced master that if you teach [a slave] how to read, there would be no keeping him (Douglass, 1845, p. 20). That one fear aloneeducating the slavewould not be a fear if the slave were truly the inferior creature described in Smiths accounts. And Douglass, who eventually does just what the White master fears, provides evidence that there can exist no happy bondage, Christian or other, among human beings. References Douglass, Frederick (1845). Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Boston: The Antislavery Office. Smith, William A. (1856). Lectures on the Philosophy and Practice of Slavery. Nashville: Stevenson and Evans.

Fukushima Nuclear Catastrophe essays

Fukushima Nuclear Catastrophe essays The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear catastrophe was the largest disaster after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. According to a report released by Japanese government, the amount of radioactivity that was emitted to the atmosphere exceeded the Chernobyl disaster by 10%. One major issue that has been blamed for the disaster is the failure in equipments. At the time of the disaster two out of the six boiling water reactors had shutdown following sequence of events; earthquake and tsunami. However, the international press blamed poor communication between the government and the public, and improvised cleanup systems that ended up failing. As a result, many employees were injured and some died because of the conditions of the disaster. As news streamed daily on the possible leakages from the plant, citizens became concerned on the reluctance of authorities in providing accurate explanations of the circumstances surrounding the problem or even attempt to devise measures of curbing. It is this line that paper seeks to explore the role of communication in the events that preceded the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear catastrophe. The paper shall also outline the methods used by the company and how effective or ineffective they were. The paper draws possible lessons and recommendations from the events and provides a The success of every business endeavor lies on the ability to communicate, and communicate well. One cannot work effectively without exchange of information with potential partners and colleagues. There are contemporary issues that have significant changed the aspects of business communication. These issues include communication in diverse environment, team management, use of technology, and ethical consideration. The business environment is increasing becoming diversified in terms of personnel, which calls for teamwork and appreciation on the evident differences. Why do people find it very hard to...

Managerial Economics class dicussion wk7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial Economics class dicussion wk7 - Essay Example Substitute goods such as barter and margarine derive the same satisfaction to a consumer and they have a high elasticity of demand in that when the price of one increases consumers will purchase the substitute hence reducing its demand. Before changing the price of such substitutes a manager should ensure that he adds value to the product in order to increase the good’s utility as compared to the substitutes. You can also consider increasing the products awareness through advertising. Cross elasticity of demand is the proportionate change in the demand of a commodity as a result of the change in the price of another commodity. Substitute goods such as cereals offer the same satisfaction to a consumer and they have a high cross elasticity of demand because when the price of one increases the demand for the other substitute product increases due to a relatively low price Krugman et al, 2010. Such substitute cereals include maize and rice. If a manager wants to reduce the cross elasticity of demand of his products he can still consider adding value to the product so that its competitive advantage is increased. High quality products should also be offered so that the customer loyalty is increased. A good will have a high income elasticity of demand if a change in its price affects the consumer’s purchasing power. A luxurious good such as a car will have a high income elasticity of demand if there is a change in the income of a consumer. If the consumer’s income reduces he will no longer be able to purchase the product hence reducing its demand by a unit. A manager can consider coming up with purchasing plans such as purchasing the goods in instalments so that they can still remain affordable to the

Compare culture's different Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Compare culture's different - Research Paper Example This paper is a comparison between the Chinese and the American culture, while focusing especially on Boston’s culture when talking about America. To start with, Chinese culture believes in team work, group collaboration, and collective effort toward achieving goals and objectives, be they organizational goals or personal goals. Group cooperation is valued and encouraged. On the other hand, American culture, as is also seen in Boston, individualism prevails (Markus and Kitayama). An individual here has to rely on his own self for the accomplishment of his personal goals. American people are self-made as they do not believe in group collaboration, and thus, many of them spend lives living alone. Family system is poorer here in Boston in particular and America in general. Since the Chinese culture believes in group effort, family system there is much stronger. If we talk about business culture, Chinese culture believes in formal, hierarchical structure of social relationships. T his means that Chinese people like to know their specific position in a group or an organization, where they know how they have to behave and interact. On the other hand, American business culture is informal. Social rankings are less important, and people feel comfortable in interacting with each other due to absence of formalities. However, Chinese businesspeople give great importance to building relationships with their partners and stakeholders. They may get very frank, and prefer face-to-face communication. American people give more importance to business dealings rather than building relationships. American is an aggressive business style; while, Chinese is a very careful one. As for personal and social relationships, Chinese people keep a very small circle of friends, who are reliable, good friends. They are mostly lifelong friends, who would do anything to help out a friend in need. On the other hand, American people, especially here in Boston, people keep a lot of friends, most of whom are only acquaintances. They keep on changing friends from time to time and place to place. This has become a part of popular culture in Boston. Chinese personal relationships are also stronger, and most of them are life-long. Chinese people keep strong commitments. American popular culture has influenced people to keep short-term relationships. Hence, trust lacks in American relationships. It is interesting to note here that Chinese people expect the obligation in reverse too. When they commit in a relationship, they expect the same kind of commitment from the other person. Contrarily, American people avoid getting into relationships that demand long-term commitment in the first place. Hence, American people show more acceptance toward romantic love rather than life-long commitment in the form of marriage (Fitzpatrick et al. 113-127; Gao 329-342). Pan and Vanhonacker write in their article, that Chinese system is collective, and thus, family is a part of social norms. Chinese people have to get married because for them, family is an extension of society and not of an individual. Chinese people need to create a family in order to be socially accepted. On the other hand, since American culture is individualistic, hence family is considered as an

SLP 5 Medicaid_Health Care Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SLP 5 Medicaid_Health Care Finance - Essay Example For a family of five, the maximum allowable family income in Florida can not exceed 23.2 percent of the FPL (Family-related Medicaid programs fact sheet, 2007). Any family with 5 members must make less than $5,112 per year to qualify for Medicaid. A single adult would have to make less than $2,160 per year to be eligible for the program (Family-related Medicaid programs fact sheet, 2007). California's state administered Medicaid program is known as Medi-Cal. To qualify for Medi-Cal, the recipient must be 65 years or older, blind, are younger than 65 and have a disability (Medicare information for Californians, 2008). The person's eligibility is based on income, and whether or not you qualify for certain federal disability programs, such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI). To be eligible, a single person must make less than approximately $12,000 per year, and a married couple must make less than $18,000 per year (Medicare information for Californians, 2008). A key difference between California's and Florida's program is that California's program is designed to cover the elderly and disabled, while Florida's program is meant to cover the cost of children's health care. In fact, the eligibility requirements for children in Florida are much more liberal than for adults.

Analysis of Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM): Ginger

Analysis of Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM): Ginger Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are being used more and more by health professionals and patients in addition to medical based therapies. The Cochrane Collaboration (2000) defines alternative and complementary medicines as;Â   a broad domain of healing resources that encompasses all health system, modalities, and practices and their accompanying theories and beliefs, other than those intrinsic to the politically dominant health system of a particular society or culture in a given historical period. Complementary medicine models form the foundation of primary care systems in some countries worldwide. There are many different types of complementary and alternative medicines such as: ginger, raspberry leaf, castor oil, cabbage leaves, acupuncture and jasmine herbal tea. This written assignment will focus on ginger and will explore the use of this complementary alternative medicine across the childbearing continuum as recommended by midwives in clinical practice and will discuss the roles and responsibilities of the midwife when endorsing this intervention and the potential risks for both the woman and baby. There are many reasons why people use complementary alternative medicines such as: conventional medicine has not fixed their problem and some people believe that natural products are much more safe and healthier to use rather than prescription drugs (Women’s Health Organisation, 2012). Ginger has been used as a cooking spice as well as a herbal medicine throughout history, and has been commonly used to treat morning sickness, motion sickness, colic, gas, upset stomachs and nausea. There are special precautions and warnings that should be followed as using ginger when pregnant is debated. Herbs may contain substances that could cause premature birth, uterine contractions and miscarriage (American Pregnancy Association, 2013).There are some concerns that ginger may affect the sex hormones of a fetus and there are also reports of a miscarriage occurring close to the 12th week of pregnancy in women who took ginger to alleviate their morning sickness. There are also a few concerns that ginger may increase the risk of bleeding with some professionals advising women to not use it close to their delivery date (Medline Plus, 2014). There is not enough proof to show whether or not the use of ginger during breastfeeding is safe, therefore it is best to not use when women are breastfeeding. Morning sickness can affect up to 85% expectant mothers during the first three months of pregnancy (Koren Maltepe , 2013). From time to time the symptoms of morning sickness can become so serious, that they lead to a condition known as hyperemesis gravidum. When this occurs the woman will require hospitalization in order to replace both fluids and electrolytes intravenously. Morning sickness usually resolves in the first trimester of pregnancy, however in a small number of women, it can continue throughout the whole pregnancy. Some drugs, which are used to treat hyperemesis gravidum, have the potential to cause harm to the fetus (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2008). The first three months of pregnancy are a vital period for fetal growth, as the fetus is especially vulnerable to the detrimental effects of specific drugs and treatments. Even though today’s prescribed anti-nausea drugs do not seem to cause birth defects, many women choose to decline taki ng any medication during pregnancy and shift to the use of more natural types of remedies such as the complementary alternative medicines (Beauchamp, 2005). Few studies have been performed on whether or not complementary alternative medicines cause harm to the developing fetus however, one study suggests that ginger is safe to use for morning sickness without harming the unborn fetus with the risk of abnormalities having a rate of 1-3%. A study was performed on ‘the effectiveness and safety of ginger for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting’, with randomised controlled trials of ginger and pregnancy related vomiting and nausea being sourced from companies such as Medline and the Cochrane library. Four of the randomised controlled trials met the inclusion standards with each of the trials finding that ginger given orally was found to be suggestively more effective than placebo when decreasing the occurrence of vomiting and nausea. The conclusion of this study shows that ginger is a safe and effective treatment for pregnancy related vomiting and nausea. On the other hand, hesitation still remains in regards to gingers maximum dosage, the correct length of the treatment, the effects of over dosage and the possible interactions with prescription medications (Ding et al., 2012). Although herbs are considered natural not all of them are safe to use during pregnancy. It is the midwives role and responsibility to refer women to an herbalist to discuss complementary alternative medicines that the women may wish to use during her pregnancy. The use of alternative medicines are out of the midwives scope of practice, therefore it is important for not only midwives but other health professionals to refer the appropriate source so the women can receive the correct care. It is important for midwives to recognise the limits of their knowledge when discussing the woman’s options and alternative medicines and refer to those who are trained and accredited in their own professions (Pairman, Tracy, Thorogood, Pincombe, 2010). It is also the midwives responsibility to document any herbal medicines that she discloses she is using. It is the woman’s decision as to whether or not she takes up the offer to be referred to an herbalist, however no matter what her de cision is her record of herbal alternative medicines will be documented in her pregnancy health record for effective continuity of care. Overall, the use of complementary alternative medicines is increasing worldwide with someone women preferring these options rather than other medical therapies and substances. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of alternative medicines, there safety and effectiveness during pregnancy. For complementary alternative medicines to be considered this issue requires more research before any conclusions can be made on their effectiveness and treatment recommendations can then be put forth. The safety of complementary alternative medicines also needs to be considered before revealing a pregnant woman to these biologically active compounds (Anderson Johnson, 2005). Midwives will be increasingly called upon to assess the effectiveness and safety of complementary alternative medicines so it is crucial for them to understand the correct benefits and potential risks of these medicines and treatments to best serve patients throughout their individualised maternity care. Reference List American Pregnancy Association (2013). Herbs and pregnancy. Retreived from: http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/naturalherbsvitamins.html Anderson, F.W.P., Johnson, C.T. (2005). Complementary and alternative medicine in obstetrics. International Journal of Gynaecology Obstetrics, 91, 116-124. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2005.07.009 Beauchamp, K. (2005). Health Conditions and Concerns: Ginger Treats Morning Sickness Retreived from: http://www.bastyrcenter.org/content/view/631/ Ding, M., Leach, M., Bradley, H. (2012). The effectiveness and safety of ginger for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting: A systematic review. Journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 26 (1), e26-e30. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2012.08.001 Koren ,G., Maltepe ,C. (2013). How to survive morning sickness successfully. Retrieved from http://www.motherisk.org/documents/BSRC_morning_sickness_EN.pdf Medline Plus (2014). Ginger. Retreived from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/961.html National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2008, March). Antenatal Care; Routine Care for the healthy pregnant woman. Retrieved from http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG62fullguideline.pdf Pairman, S., Tracy, S., Thorogood, C., Pincombe, J. (2010). Midwifery: Preparation for Practice. (2nd ed). Australia: Elseiver. University of Maryland Medical Centre (2010). Ginger Overview. Retreived from: http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/ginger Women’s Health Organisation (2012). Complementary and alternative medicine. Retreived from: http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/the-healthy-woman/alternative_medicine.pdf Zollman, C., Vickers, A. (2000). What is complementary medicine? British Medical Journal, 319 (693). Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7211.693

The Doctrines of Kurt Vonnegut Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

The Doctrines of Kurt Vonnegut The writing of Kurt Vonnegut exhibits perception without restriction and imagination without limitation. It surpasses mountains of ignorance and rivers of innocence to extend emotions for society to sympathize with reality. He incorporates his knowledge and view-points into a variety of literary genres for everyone to learn of his inquiries and philosophies. To draw readers into his sphere of influence, Kurt Vonnegut administers an inflection on the present to state other tenses (Schatt 148). From government to technology, he applies his ideas to all subject matters, allowing all readers to comprehend his beliefs (Nichol 602). The literature of Kurt Vonnegut coincides with his sentiments appertaining to human substantiality, altruistic love, and Post-existentialism. A primary interrogation Vonnegut predominately accentuates is the meaning of human existence; "What is the purpose of life?" (Holland 54) Man must feel that he is "serving some purpose," that his life has substance and significance (55). To find an answer to this question, Vonnegut unwinds into the pages of his works, man's search for substantiality, and his attempt at changing his destiny to obtain answers through power. Human nature possesses man to hunger for control, and without dominance, man feels purposeless. By making him "powerless to alter his destiny in any way," Vonnegut stresses an exploration for usefulness, and the question of life's poignancy is seen w... ...sp; all he could to make our marriage a happy one. EPICAC gave me anniversary poems for Pat- enough for the next 500 years (Vonnegut, Welcome to the Monkey House 284). EPICAC knew that fate did not allow him and Pat to be together. His happiness came from the happiness he gave to her and sacrificed for his best friend. Feelings and beliefs do not necessarily need to come from emotions, and in many of Vonnegut's work, it comes f

Management, Personal Relationship and Decision Making Essay

The concept of interpersonal relationships and management involves ideas, taught, and beliefs that are related with social association and affiliations which are employed as approached to marketing, operations, training, management and executive decision (Giddens, 2001). These taught and perceptions constitute different philosophies used by various organizations that create a harmonious place for members and personnel. These beliefs allow the organization’s business to improve. Business improves since personnel performances are able to maximize their potential because people are working perfectly as a team. It is no secret that in order for business to be successful, management plays a very important role (Virine, 2007). Thus, for business to prosper, philosophy in management should be carefully taken into consideration (Virine, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     In order to successfully manage an activity or personnel it is important that a manager is strong-willed, determined and possessed the â€Å"drive† needed to achieve the desired goal.   It is significant that a person should do a specific thing really well. In order to achieve this, a fine plan should be accomplished and when the plan is executed it is necessary that the plan is strictly followed. It is also important that the existing plan can adapt to changes that when problems are encountered, it can easily be resolved. Also in managing, it will be fitting to add that it is not enough that a person would know how to do things correctly, but it would be a welcome addition to recognize that a person knows how to things better.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A person should understand and put into his mind that there are occasions when great just isn’t good enough. He should not settle for less instead strive and work harder to deliver and perform things way beyond what people have expected. He should not be satisfied by saying â€Å"this will already do† and â€Å"this is alright†. He should always work to be the best. Being the best should not be the endpoint that will mark the conclusion of a venture, but it should be a starting point of something that is great. Through sheer innovation one should take something that works, it could be ideas, or various products such as electric appliances, glassware or simple things like papers and plastics, then transform them and improve them to something that is really unexpected. A person should always try to work to achieve excellence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, in order to properly manage things there are other factors that should be taken into account. One major factor is inter-personal relationship. Relationship with others influences the way we manage things our everyday life (Kahneman, 2000). It is because of our relationship to our love ones that we strive to make things better. It is because of these people who are close to us and we hold dearly in our hearts that we struggle in order to create a better living condition. Because of them we â€Å"shoot for the stars† and aim for the best. Furthermore, our relationship in our workplace with fellow personnel and with the manager dictates the success or the failure of an activity. As mentioned before, it is important to achieve a working area that is surrounded by people which are friendly and are always prepared in lending help. Somehow, they can be your family that during the most challenging times in the work one would have somebody to lean on (Lauria, 1964). They would provide you support and the much needed boost during office hours. With someone to call on, personnel can fully utilize their skills and maximize their talents. Workers do not need to be worry of accidents that may happen, since a sense of security and protection is given to them, as a result they become more focused. Also, in return workers and personnel would work doubly harder to showcase their affection to the people who have helped them in work and their gratitude to the organization and their bosses. Another essential issue that arises from the proper managing of things is decision making. Making a sound decision is hard and when at one point an organization has arrived to a decision, it is always certain that not everyone would be pleased, there would always be contentions. Generally, there are no rules that would make a person a good decision –maker (Plous, 1993). There are always risks that are involved and often times these risks impose immense problems that lead to the downfall of what seems a fair decision at the beginning. There are, however things that can help a person in making decision. Information should first be gathered and accumulated about the issue at hand. Careful study and precautions must be done to properly weigh things. In making a decision it is important to first ask who will be affected once the decision is handed out. Then, we should also understand who will benefit and to whom the decision is detrimental. In making a decision, one should decide for the good of majority and sacrifice his own self interest. To be a good decision maker one needs to be self-less. It is a noble act, a supreme sacrifice. A situation that recently took place in my office is the grudge that happens between two of my colleagues. The conflict occurs because of a misunderstanding for the division of labor in the office. Due to the misunderstanding, a part of the job was left undone. When the deadline arrives and portion of their proposal was still incomplete, pressure started to build up and emotions run high. As a result, a dispute between them existed. For a period of one month or so they started not to talk with each other after their proposal was dumped. Since, both are my friends and I am the one who is being caught from their fight I decided to talk to them and invite them to be part of a project that was assigned to me. Although they were hesitant to work with each other, I convinced them telling they are the most trusted person I knew that could help me and the only person which fitted the job. Professional as they are, they put aside their differences, and worked as a real team. With me calling the shots, and making sure everything is carefully attended and no single detail taken for granted we finished an astonishing job with lots of time to spare. We can infer that by setting aside their argument and their pride for a better cause, and giving each other another chance to work a fine output is achieved. They decided to be selfless and put the organization on top of their priority. References Giddens, A. (2001). Sociology. Cambridge: Polity. Kahneman, D. (2000). Choice, Values, Frames. Cambridge: The Unviersity Press. Lauria, A. (1964). Respeto, Relajo and Inter-Personal Relations in Puerto Rico Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 3 (No. 2). Plous, S. (1993). The Psychology of Judgement and Decision Making New York: McGraw-Hill. Virine, L. (2007). Management Concepts: Vienna.   

Literature Review About Management Information Systems Management Essay Research Paper Example

Literature Review About Management Information Systems Management Essay Research Paper Example Literature Review About Management Information Systems Management Essay Paper Literature Review About Management Information Systems Management Essay Paper In this chapter all of the constructs, theories and methods that are related with the direction Information system such as system, information system and MIS will be discussed. The construct of educational direction system is besides good presented. In other subdivisions the construct of EMIS will be considered in the universe by particularly concentrating this construct in Pakistan will be discussed. In concluding subdivisions of this chapter EMIS of COMSTAS institutes of information engineering will be discussed. This information will be so act as guideline to analyse the empirical findings of primary informations. 2.1 Management Information system There have been legion sorts of systems that have been developed over the past several old ages. These information systems had helped to carry through the demands and demands of determination doing non merely at managerial but besides at the operational degree. Every organisation develops its ain direction information system ( MIS ) which is wholly dependent on the personal demands of the organisations. Management information system developed for one organisation is useless for other organisations with different demands ( Cassidy and Cresswell, 1997 ) . In the direction information system, non merely the system itself is of import but to acquire the maximal advantages from the system it is of import that the human intelligence, perceptual experience and judgement must be powerful and strong plenty to acquire combined with the system information ( Thierauf 1984 ) . This combination will supply directors with the unique and valuable tool for the information direction in any company ( C assidy and Cresswell, 1997 ) . 2.1.1 What is a system? The system is capable of change overing the collected information from the everyday user and machine interactions in to the effectual information which subsequently on is used by the determination shapers to do efficient determinations. In the direction information system, the most of import entity is system itself which is set of defined and interconnected constituents which are by and large described as all of the direct or indirect complex constituents or elements that are related in a insouciant web. Within any peculiar clip period, all of these complex constituents are related in more or less stable manner with at least some other constituents ( Thierauf 1984 ) . So a well developed and synergistic system is one which provides best and utile information to the directors at all degrees. 2.1.2 Information system? The best system is one that provides utile information and user interaction at all degrees. An information system is a aggregation of activities, processs, methods, engineering and peoples that are organized to acquire the valuable related informations and information. This system must besides be able to hive away this information until it is required by the user. It should be capable of informations processing and reacting to its terminal user by supplying the replies to all set of questions. Information systems should outdo interacts and communicates with the terminal user In order to supply the accurate required information ( Knight A ; Silk, 1990 ) . 2.1.3 Management Information System The information system which is composed of formalistic processs that can supply all of the relevant appropriate information at all degrees to all of the directors is called direction information system ( MIS ) . This system uses all of the internal and external resources to supply informations and information to the terminal users which enable them to take timely determinations that are effectual from the directing, planning and commanding point of position. As a whole this is an efficient system that can supply all of the needed information to the direction at all degrees at appropriate times. Management information system is fundamentally an affectional combination of human and engineering resources that consequences in informations storage, aggregation, and communicating, informations retrieval and use. In managerial operations and concern planning, these MIS systems play a critical function in concern success ( Lucey, 1989 ) . In literature, there are several definitions of the direction information systems ( Lucey, 1989, Thierauf, 1984 ) . The system is capable of change overing the collected information from the everyday user and machine interactions in to the effectual information which subsequently on is used by the determination shapers to do efficient determinations. The specialised systems that are being used for determination devising for the direction at all degrees are by and large known as direction information systems ( Thierauf, 1984 ) . Information systems are of important importance in any type of organisation, by and large, it is truly impossible for any organisation to run without any kind of information system. These information systems are developed by concentrating the demands and demands of the peculiar organisation which are alone for every other organisation. In the early 1960 s, the importance of system interior decorators and decision makers gained much importance and attending. In an organisation, at the administrative degree, direction information systems are composed up of the human and machine combination that are used to carry through the information demands at these degrees. In really big organisations, these MIS are besides a combination of many interconnected bomber systems which are sharing the same resources for informations and processing. While discoursing the construct of MIS in an organisation, this activity is considered merely as a portion of all of the other on-going activities. This MIS activity is of import because it equips the top direction with all of the information about the lower direction and maintains a uninterrupted flow of information throughout the organisation. MIS system besides facilitates the proprietors of the organisations with the general information about the organisation. The chief advantage of MIS system in an organisation is to keep appropriate information flow that can be achieved by spliting organisations in to different sub systems with some integrated and alone maps. This map integrating of the bomber system must be much efficient to do the whole organisation as an affectional MIS system. By following this attack, every bit shortly as all of the demands of the sub systems are achieved, all of the demands of the organisation are achieved. In literature, there are many features discussed for an effectual MIS system ( Cassidy and Creswell, 1997 ) . Some of them are listed below: MIS system should be composed of incorporate sub systems with the ability of forward and backward looking systems. MIS system should be capable of planning and commanding the clearly defined concern activities. MIS system should be capable of bring forthing the studies that can assist the direction at all degree in planning and commanding all of their current and expected concern activities. MIS system should be able to recover the information about the operations control at appropriate clip and should let the transactional information processing. For the timely response, MIS system should hold the batch processing every bit good as synergistic operational manners. In order to hive away the informations that is being often accessed, MIS system should utilize all of the information protection processs that can guarantee to authorise user in more protective manner. In order to pull out the comparative information rapidly, MIS system should hold appropriate informations storage medium like random or direct entree storage. In order to bring forth the meaningful and affectional end product for the on-going control operations, MIS system should enable the criterion and usage made theoretical account that must hold the storage medium for the online informations. 2.2 Educational Management Information System The revolution in the information and communicating engineerings ( ICTs ) has greatly influenced the life manner of whole universe. Over the past several old ages, ICT substructure is considered as a symbol for a state s development. In every manner of life, there is a critical function of these Information and Communication Technologies ( ICTs ) by all agencies to better the quality, standardising the different stakeholders function and leaving the operating processs ( Ed Crowley, 2003 ) . ICTs has a proved function in the field of medical, concern, industry, amusement, communications but now these engineerings has emerging efficient function in instruction field. In developing states, particularly like Pakistan instruction sector is one of the nucleus countries that require more attending for the state s rapid development. The end of every educational institute is to supply the quality instruction to all of its pupils. In these institutes direction at all degree uninterrupted strives to accomplish this aimed end. Universities are engaging extremely qualified professors and fiting their scientific research labs with latest equipments, adding new engineerings and books to their libraries. In these educational institutes the construct of digital libraries is besides introduced, in schoolrooms multimedia undertakings are installed. The construct of distant acquisition, different tutorials like web and disc based every bit good as the construct of audio and ocular informat ions to assistance talks is introduced in these institutes. In short, ICTs have played a major important function for knowledge airing among assorted groups in these educational institutes. In order to acquire the maximal benefits of the available installations of hardware and package, it is non adequate to merely linking the research labs with the cyberspace installation but there is batch more in to this. This type of human attitude towards the computing machine resources propose that there is ever a demand for some educational intercession to acquire the possible benefits. The better use of information and communicating engineerings ( ICTs ) can be attained by pedagogic intercessions ( Jorge Ferreira Franco et all, 2006 ) . As the issues raises, it starts making interesting chances for the persons and organisations for bettering the persons comprehensibility and accomplishments. From the educational point of position, it is believed that when the persons understanding is challenged and they receive any kind of rational or practical support so their productive and originative endowments are used which can besides be enhanced ( Jorge Ferreira Franco et all, 2006 ) . In all this competitory ICTs equipped educational institutes there is much more than the quality instruction that is expected by the pupils. Students need choice service in all of the needed information that is required by them. In order to show their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours jobs, pupils needs environment that can ease them in every manner. Different higher educational institutes are continuously endeavoring to accomplish this mark. For illustration when a pupil necessitate his transcripts after classs finalisation so it can take more than a month clip when there is conventional system installed in educational institutes. It can take more clip because of the limited figure of moving staff members that are covering with the consequences and transcripts publishing procedure. There are many other day-to-day issues that can originate every twenty-four hours and this limited figure of staff will non be able to motivate outright to all of the pupils. In order to manage such feverish modus operandi universities used to employee more employees but as its known that increasing manpower can neer work out the job so another solution is required that can get by up with all such issues. There are many activities that can non be handled with simple processing applications and they are besides much clip devouring but these are simple procedures like admittance, enrollment, conductivity of scrutiny, maintaining path of the employees and pupils and pull offing both employees and pupils histories ( Marlon Pierce et all, 2002 ) . In order to pull off 1000s of its pupils and employees the best effectual manner is to utilize the information and communicating engineerings in more efficient manner. Educational direction system ( EMIS ) is an illustration of such an information system that has been developed over past several old ages to acquire the maximal benefits from the human and machine interaction to bring forth the appropriate information. This construct of EMIS has been imported from the concern universe which represents a system for information processing for educational direction. This system is non developed to replace the statistics based system and this system itself is non a statistical system. This system has been developed to manage all informations types which may be statistical in nature. An important professional is required to develop this information as dependable, verified, important and professionally trained. This authorization must be professional and independent entity that must be acceptable by all of the other users in an organisation. When an information system is being developed so it is really much necessary to acquire the exact and dependable sta tistics before this system acquire applied to any kind of direction. Information systems are ever designed to treat valid informations into information non the refuse informations. In educational direction systems, these information systems should turn to both of the direction and statistics in more efficient manner and should bring forth information in an affectional format. In literature, there are many definitions and descriptions about the EMIS systems as its being developed over the past several old ages ( EPRD, 1997 ) . Educational direction system is a formalistic aggregation of the operational processs, procedures and common understanding that are integrated in such a manner that it can bring forth utile information and information for the educational institutes and all of related entities like instructors, pupils and other direction at all degrees. All of the informations relevant to the concerned entities is aggregated, collected and organized, managed and processed which is so disseminated across the organisation and is used by the concerned governments and direction at all degrees to take the good determinations for the educational institutes ( EPRD, 1997 ) . EMIS contains all of the relevant information that is required by the educational directors at all degrees to back up all of their activities. EMIS systems ever responds to the consumers for the affectional information and serves the demands of terminal users, therefore it can be said that these information systems are functioning on the footing of demand response methodological analysis. In order to acquire the maximal benefits out of this information system it is really much necessary that the procedure concatenation of information direction and in the dealing between the terminal users demand of information and the system response of information bringing, all of the statistics must be updated and reviewed decently. If this whole concatenation of information direction is non decently maintained so there will be no meaningful information from the informations collection and processing. The system integrating is besides much of import in EMIS to acquire the best possible result from the system because if there will be any job with the system integrating it will consequences in irrelevant information bringing that will do w hole EMIS as an irrelevant system. In order to work these EMIS systems up to dated, it is necessary to carry on clients studies. These studies will assist the educational institutes to get by up with all of the freshly raised demands and so it will give up dated response to its consumers. These studies will besides assist to calculate out the demands of manufacturers and will bring forth a user friendly and explainable services and merchandises consequently. Educational institutes should besides make general consciousness among the users about the advantages of these EMIS systems that can supply information for determination devising. In order to avoid a entire system loss, it is really much of import that these EMIS systems should be self sustainable and they must hold a dorsum up even if maestro system will neglect to carry through the demands of all of its terminal users. At the really earlier phase of system development it is of import to develop the single entities but at the ulterior phase of capacity edifice this preparation is non of much importance. EMIS systems have been employed in many different states as a large success and there these systems have provided support services and capacity edifice to the distributed every bit good as the decentralised statistical maps. There are many specialised maps needed for the EMIS development such as puting the criterions, development of application package, quality control, supplying proficient aid and preparation services every bit good as organizing one-year statistics production. System integrating is an of import measure in EMIS development because all of the loose parts will be combined expeditiously can develop an affectional system end product. Quality control is besides of much significance because it can guarantee quality cheques at all degrees. In educational institutes, an effectual and efficient information direction system that should assist direction at all degree for planning, policy devising, and direction can be developed by following common informations aggregation instruments, by developing informations processing package and by following all of the processs for quality control and confidence. Such a developed system can guarantee the effectual public presentation of all of the statistical maps in the institutes. The procedures of informations aggregations its entry and confirmation are all really near to the beginning. This information is so transmitted as an electronic transcript all around the institute. At every degree of direction, this information is analyzed on the footing of the users demands which guarantee the minimisation of incompatibility and undertaking duplicates. Such a system besides ensures the quality, dependability, informations cogency and effectivity every bit good as the terminal users sati sfaction at all degrees. 2.3 EMIS in World As discussed above that the construct of educational direction information system ( EMIS ) has been adopted by many developed and developing states over the past several old ages. In some of the states, this technique has failed because of disregarding many of import entities and critical processs that were necessary to follow in order to guarantee its success. In these states, these EMIS were non large success because they forgot that following a new proficient name, obtaining financess and grants and improper system version neer guarantee the version of new engineering. In developing states there are some tendencies listed for increasing the demand for EMIS ( Chapman, 1990 ) . They are: Explosive growing of Educational System This is the foremost and of import tendency that pressurized the developing states to do them follow EMIS systems. This tendency will reflect the growing of population which subsequently will demo the increased rate of engagement. It besides puts the force per unit area on the instruction stuffs and on the judicial admission of the qualified instructors and staff. This explosive growing later limited the development of the educational resources and caused the diminution in instruction quality in these developing states ( Chapman A ; Mahlck, 1993 ) . Increased Complexity of Educational System As the educational system has grown explosively in the development states, it besides consequences in its complexness. Educational ministry has pursued multiple objective so many different and new class works has been under taken so that instruction quality can be improved. Increased Fiscal Pressure Many authoritiess are sing the increased fiscal force per unit area so they need to follow those resource allotment processs that are efficient in longer tally. International Funding In order to pull international support bureaus in the country of instruction, it is necessary to supply them with the quantitative informations that must demo the success and advancement of the educational undertakings. These bureaus are supercharging the development states so that they can besides warrant their ain answerability. In developing states, they are financing merely when they get accurate statistics and informations that can measure their funded undertakings so they require rigorous answerability. Low Cost Information Technology As engineering is progressing so it is available at really low cost. In these developing states, big informations sum is being handled by utilizing the low cost advanced information engineering. All around the universe, there are policies of different organisations to better the educational systems. UNESCO is besides one of the organisations that has strategic aims in the field of instruction with their clear policy of bettering the quality of instruction. This policy includes the docket of bettering educational quality through variegation of methods and content, diffusion, experimentation publicity, duologue, by following best patterns, invention and by information sharing. Information and engineering promotion has put the force per unit area all around the Earth to follow these ICTs in their educational system and tech them to the pupils. This acquisition of advanced ICTs is really of import to get by up with the challenges of twenty-first century. UNESCO, in its World educational study discussed some of the cardinal deductions that ICTs have for the conventional acquisition and instruction ( UNESCO World Education Report, 1998 ) . In order to run into all of the demands t hat are must for the integrating of these ICTs in the conventional systems there are some models proposed in different publications ( UNESCO World Education Report, 2002 ) . These are cardinal demands that are identified as the of import schemes for the instructor instruction, for pull offing the alteration procedure in acquisition, for pull offing alteration procedure in following and integrating of these ICTs. Technology has become a accelerator that is transforming the acquisition and whole instruction systems ( UNESCO World Education Report, 1998 ) . Different multimedia undertakings have been employed that are utilizing the information visual image techniques and are good for the citizens of the far distant states. In this manner, pupils from the distant states are besides larning new engineerings. These multimedia applications are besides installed in schools so that pupils can larn new engineerings at the really basic school degree. This helped the school community to research both the existent and practical engineerings within the context information and by utilizing the synergistic envisioned systems ( John P. Dougherty et all, 2002 ) . In footings of information engineering ( IT ) , there have been significant treatments for the readying of the work force that can work globally. In developing states, still there are limited resources along with the limited figure of professionals that can do best usage of this IT so the promise to increase the productiveness in educational system by the usage of IT is still on clasp. In order to win at any degree of life, it is now a must to integrate these IT in their callings so that the rapid alteration of the universe can be handled ( John P. Dougherty et all, 2002 ) . All around the universe, these EMIS started as a consequence of the single research undertakings or as an advanced thought that has been initiated by academic persons by taking hazards that result in the development of the web based enterprises which were non a complete system. On the other manus, there are now many complete systems that are good planned, institutionally comprehensive and consistently integrated ( JC Taylor, 2001 ) . For illustration, at the University of Southern Queensland, where there is history of distant acquisition for about 25years, there the transmutation to the IT environment was a natural measure. The organisation itself as a whole adopted this new move instead than by merely following by some persons. They adopted the web based information and communications engineerings at universities and reflect on component of the corporate mission statement i.e. To be a leader in flexible acquisition and the usage of information and communications engineerings ( JC Taylor, 2001 ) . The word portal has gained much attending in past several old ages which means door entryway or gate ( Winston Dictionar, 2009 ) . In higher educational systems, it is hard and hazardous but is necessary to develop a portal so that the educational system can vie and recognize the importance of ICTs. In this manner, universities and colleges can acquire a really clear thought about the benefits of puting on to the endeavor systems, informations warehouses and in other information services. By developing their ain portals, educational institutes can incorporate services, information and other substructure so that unvarying information will flux all around the institute. It s a large challenge to integrate higher instruction and engineering, same is the instance with portal scheme but the consequence is ever good to the organisation. 2.4 EMIS in Pakistan EMIS is non a new field of survey, but as we see that now it is having more importance around the Earth. But in Pakistan in past few decennaries EMIS research encircle Basic A ; Primary instruction System but my research on EMIS in HE of Pakistan is wholly new country of research for Pakistan. Besides the Educational Organizations are larning new methods of heightening the efficiency of their organisations, separately and as a whole as a group. In Pakistan, many reforms have been made after the constitution of the Higher Education Commission ( HEC ) . These reforms target the betterment of the quality of the instruction every bit good as to bring forth more resources for the growing of instruction in the higher instruction in the state. In Pakistan, the most recent tendency is to better the procedures and resources in the universities. In these yearss, Engineering and Technology plans has created a large ballyhoo so bulk of the pupils are taking admittance in these countries. Higher Education Commission ( HEC ) every bit good as Pakistan Engineering Council ( PEC ) has set certain critera that universities need to carry through before offering admittances to pupils in these countries. This critera required the handiness of work force, certain substructure, extremely qualified staff, good equipt labs, and quality instruction procedure. In order to bring forth extremely qualified and trained staff, HEC is offering certain sch olarship and support strategies so that more qualified work force can be produced. 2.5 COMSATAS Institutes of Technology 2.5.1 EMIS in COMSATAS Institutes of Technology In order to standardise the universities much attending is driven to the version of new engineerings every bit good as towards the substructure development and betterment of the operating processs. The standard of HEC for the higher instruction establishments is really rigorous and is based on resource numeration, aggregation of public presentation informations and aggregation of all of the corresponding ratios which are in underside up manners until the concluding studies are generated. This rating standard demands the single appraisal system for each section in the university so that independent and choice information can be elaborated. This whole procedure will ensue in heightening the quality of different operating processs and procedures that are being exercised in the institute and will consequences in heightening the university ranking. There are many ways by which this feedback cringle can be achieved in the higher educational establishments. It is possible that certain studies and indexs may be widely available all around the campus every bit shortly as they are generated so that effectual information is readily available. At assorted determination devising points, the cardinal forces can take immediate disciplinary action when required by merely maintaining a crisp oculus on these studies. This is important in a manner that it will increase the consciousness in the whole academic community. Whenever disposal decides for any needed alteration so all of the standard steps can be taken. The possible step that can increase the dependability of the feedback cringle is to do certain that all of the relevant elements in the institutional information system are readily available. By following this technique, all of the entities will be for good connected and consulted the information all around the institute. Other step that can be adopted is that all of the old pattern that are being performed at different sections can be refined. This procedure of polish needs the experience that has already accumulated and it can besides take into history the suggestions by all of its users or the involved entities. The purpose for the development of the EMIS for COMSATS IIT was to polish most of the activities that were being performed at assorted degrees in different sections of the university. This polish will be done by taking in head all of the accrued users suggestions and from the experience of the all of the involved entities. In this EMIS, a new service bed has been added that corresponds to the extraction of all of the related derived information. This information is peculiarly designed to back up university direction at several degrees. 2.5.2 COMSATS University Online System ( CU-Online ) In order to acquire the advantage of the maximal possible ICT use, COMSATS IIT, Pakistan has developed an automated educational direction system which is normally known as CU-Online ( Iqbal Saadat et all, 2000 ) . This system has been developed to make an integrated educational system. This system aims to keep all of the information related to the pupils, ease the employees to entree all of the resources related to the course of study that can assist them in lesson planning, scrutiny conductivity, consequences describing and pull offing all of the other pupils and instructors histories. This system has the capableness to describe and analyse different informations and information for the single users and corporate users that can assist them at all degrees to acquire a broader image of the whole educational institute and system. This system has been developed with the purpose to supply user connectivity everyplace all times as a pure web based application. It provides academic, transa ctional and administrative entree to all its users which consequences in development of the collaborative campus. In CU-Online system there are four chief constituents that constitute its environment ( Iqbal Saadat et all, 2000 ) . They are: Datas Student/Parent Management, module, staff Hardware In this EMIS system, there are assorted stakeholders like module, parents and pupils and direction and staff. Faculty needs this system to be after their lessons and course of study, for progress study and category appraisal. This is a tool by which module can communication with parents and pupils. It besides reports the advancement towards pupil s ends. This EMIS enables the parents and pupils to maintain a cheque of the advancement studies, work assignments. They can besides look into their work assignments and advancement towards their graduation demands. Management and staff usage this system to accomplish all of the staff and pupil information ( Iqbal Saadat et all, 2000 ) . This system has faculties for admittance, pupil information system, library, human resource direction, class portal, stock list and hardware monitoring and for fee and histories. In COMSATS IIT, the debut of ICTs non merely automates all of the sections but besides facilitates all of the involved entities in the university. Students are acquiring quality instruction and they are required many facilitations in different facets. In order to gain good name to university, direction is required to follow quality process and must guarantee quality at all degree of direction. While in a university, pupils can come across many different processs and jobs so this system must ease them in every facet so that they can merely concentrate on their surveies. Similarly staff and module members must avoid all of the cumbersome processs and must merely execute their needed responsibilities ( Iqbal Saadat et all, 2000 ) . All of such installations must make to the users with easiness on their desktops.

Narcotraffic Consequences (spanish) essays

Narcotraffic Consequences (spanish) essays Quien no recuerda a Carlos Rodrà ­guez Gacha, Pablo Escobar o a Miguel y Gilberto Rodrà ­guez Orejuela. Personajes que al ser, unos asesinados y otros encarcelados, determinaron el fin de las organizaciones de traficantes. Al menos asà ­ lo proclam el ilustre presidente del momento Ernesto Samper al igual que su antecesor Cesar Gavirà ­a. Pero afortunadamente para, esto slo significaba, tal vez, el fin de los llamados carteles y de los seres conocidos como capos quienes se hicieron famosos en el mundo por su violencia, su dinero y sus pintorescas acciones. Hombres que fueron idolatrados, odiados he incluso inmortalizados por toda una generacin. Pero los promotores del desarrollo y Hombres de paz no eran inmortales y en algà ºn momento fueron derrotados. Pero hubo un comienzo, un tiempo glorioso donde se destacaron como un nà ºcleos importantes de trfico de cocaà ­na, Cali y Medellà ­n. A estos le siguieron Bogot, Valle, la Costa he incluso Ibagu, Neiva y Pereira con el negocio de la amapola. Y a todas se les conoci con la figura americanizada del cartel, dndolas a entender como organizaciones jerrquicas y centralizadas. Aunque parecà ­an ajustarse ms al trmino de clanes, con costumbres y maneras propias de ser. Y es asà ­ como vimos a unos narcos cale El derroche de dinero y de fuerza, el consumo fastuoso y el ritual religioso son mecanismos de reafimacin personal y colectiva de quienes vienen del mundo de los excluidos . Recordemos que muchos de estos capos provienen de familias y sectores humildes de las ciudades. Para ellos el dinero y el poder carecà ­an de sentido sino habà ­a la posibilidad de exhibirlos pà ºblicamente  ¿ qu mejor manera...

Long-Term Investment Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Long-Term Investment Strategy - Essay Example Again, the savings have to be an equal amount of money that I get from my security fund every month. I really want that when I retire, I have enough money that can enable me to build a bigger and expensive residential home and also have business premises in the city. Therefore, in addition to saving for my children, I’d like to save close to $6 million for the premises project. To be able to achieve all these goals, my monthly retirement savings must be put into an investment that will enable this money to multiply. This will help me to both save and invest at the same time. By saving, I will be able to earn an interest every month and when I invest, there are proceeds that I will benefit from in form of profits. My retirement savings per month is $1,000. I’ll be able to take this fixed amount of money monthly and invest it in appropriate investment. The low-cost mutual funds and ETFs that attract popular market indexes will be preferable for this strategy but dollar co sting can be done for any investment. This has two benefits, first by putting aside the same amount every month; one builds the habit of saving and investing at the same time. Secondly, one would buy more shares when they are cheap and when prices shoot, one ends up with the same shares hence investing the same amount. Averagely, I will be able to buy more when an investment is cheap than when it is expensive. To buy cheaply is a way of generating long term profits and by using dollar-cost averaging, one is able to take advantage of changing prices and add it to your gains. In investing, I’ll be looking for two things majorly, my current income and long-term investment. To be able to achieve these, my future prospects will be to invest into dividend stock. This will give me the best choices paying reliable and growing dividends while I’ll still be able to share in the prospects of the company underlying the business. I’ll have to keep checking with my broker to know what services it offers. Give that there are hundreds of high quality blue chip dividend stock, together with many ETFs and mutual funds specializing in dividends, it will never be hard for me to find promising candidates for my investment portfolio. As good investors say, successful investment does not rely on the picking of great stocks and other investment, but it also depends on hanging onto as much of what you earn as possible. This investment strategy will be able to consider ways of keeping the IRS at bay as capital gains taxes can get into my investment returns. I realize that I’ll even be able to take advantage of tax benefits which are available for retirement savings by investing in employer sponsored-retirement plans. Much income is normally sheltered from taxes as long as the money stays in the account, depending on how much growth one can get from the retirement savings. However, for some retirement accounts, one has to pay taxes when they have to withdraw money in retirement, but IRAs and 401 (k)s make the income tax free. When one wants to invest, having a solid strategy makes his investment plans less intimidating than if the strategy is not strong to make the investment to be nerve wracking. My strategy will depend largely and be based largely on market efficiency. This is where I will have to keep on watch with my broker to monitor when the shares are sold cheaply in the market for me to buy them. This will enable me to purchase a lot of shares and dividends cheaply. Then when the prices shoot, I will be

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Soyfutures - Essay Example ..12 Bibliography Chapter 1 Executive Summary The soya bean (or soybean in the US) is a legume grown mainly because of its edible bean which also has other multiple uses (Sidney & Smith 1972). A native crop of East Asia, the UN Food and Agricultural Organisation classifies it as an oilseed and not a pulse. Of the entire soya bean crop produced worldwide, 85 percent is processed into vegetable oil and soya bean meal. 60 pounds of soya bean bushel yields 11 and 47 pounds of crude soya bean oil and soya bean meal respectively when processed. The high protein content makes soya beans ideal in the manufacture of livestock feed, especially in the United States. Human consumption is mainly in the form of dairy and meat substitutes, edible oils, soya flour, and infant formula. The use of soya beans in the non-food industry has also been on the rise, most significantly in the energy sector. Through the process of transesterification, biodiesel fuel can be obtained from soya bean oil for use i n diesel engines (Drapcho, Nghiem & Walker 2008). The process simply removes glycerine from soya bean oil. Because soya biodiesel burns cleaner than petroleum based diesel oil, it is non toxic, environmentally friendly and renewable. Environmentally friendly solvents can also be produced from soya oil that remove oil from shorelines, streams and creeks without causing any harm to the environment, humans, animals and marine life. It is also used in the manufacture of industrial solvents, lubricants, paints and cleaners. In the building industry, soya bean extracts are used in the manufacture of building materials, known as biocomposites, replacing the traditionally used wood in furniture making and flooring (McCormick 2006). Another use of soya bean oil is the manufacture of crayons, which makes them safer for children because they are non toxic. Candles made from soya bean oil produce less smoke and burn longer. With the growing non-food use of soya beans, this report will identify and analyse international market opportunities as well as risks involved for Soyfutures in their bid to develop market for soya bean oil. The US remains the world’s highest producer of soya beans, as shown in the table below, provided by UN Food and Agricultural Organization. Country Million Metric Tons in 2011 United States 90.6 Brazil 68.5 Argentina 52.6 People's Republic of China 15.0 India 9.8 Paraguay 7.4 Canada 4.3 Uruguay 1.8 Ukraine 1.68 Bolivia 1.63 With an annual soya bean production of 500,000 metric tons that is mostly used locally, Nigeria can produce and export biodiesel to Latin America, Asia and Europe where there is extensive use of diesel engines in farm equipment, automobiles, trains, generators and marine machinery. Although the focus of Soyfutures was to venture into markets outside Africa, the research found that Africa