Rogerian Theory includes the concept of Necessary and Sufficient Essay

Rogerian Theory includes the concept of Necessary and Sufficient conditions for client change. Discuss these conditions in DETAIL - Essay Example The conditions include: The two people he referred to were the patient and his therapist. The first condition states that there has to be a relationship in terms of psychological contact for change to occur. He, however, indicates that this condition is a hypothesis and is open to disapproval (Sharf, 2012). By saying this, he means that for a change to occur there has to be dissimilarity between the client’s actual experience and his or her self picture the experience. This implies that the client has to be in a state of inadequacy (Sharf, 2012). Unlike the client, Carl suggests that the therapist has to be himself and his actual experiences have to be accurately represented by the knowledge he has of himself. He has to be in a state of adequacy. It is only through this that the change can occur. By saying this, he means that the therapist has to experience a warm acceptance of the client’s incongruence or inadequacy as being part of the client. This means that the therapist must not have conditions for accepting a client (Sharf, 2012). All clients must be equally accepted regardless of their experiences. The therapist must sense his or her client’s private world, in a way, that feels like it was his own, but without losing the congruence to his own knowledge of himself. His remarks and assertions should conform to the client’s content and mood, and he should be in a position to comprehend the client’s feelings. This is called empathy. This implies that the client must understand, to a minimal degree, the empathy and acceptance he or she is offered by the therapist. It is only when some aspects of these attitudes are perceived that change can occur (Sharf,

Favorite Restuarant Essay Example for Free

Favorite Restuarant Essay Every year for my birthday we go out as a family to my favorite restaurant, Benihana! For those of you that are ready to have a good time with family or friends this place is definitely the place to go, but it is best to book a reservation ahead of time it isn’t a secret to society. Benihana is an all-time favorite restaurant of mine, with great location, unforgettable entertainment and an excellent menu choice. Benihana is an all-time favorite restaurant of mine because it is located in the heart of downtown, in the midst of all the city lights and city life. When we go to Benihana we park around the block and get a horse carriage to take us to the door. Parking is free the carriage is extra. This is an excellent idea for any special occasion or just a date night on the town. The location is convenient to any of the major freeways (I-45, I-10 and 59). Aside from the location, Benihana is an excellent place to go for a fun filled night of entertainment. I can assure anyone that after an experience at the original Benihana it will be easy to see why I am declaring it to be my favorite restaurant. Benihana has unforgettable entertainment from the moment you walk in. Walking into the restaurant the guest will be greeted by the amazing aroma of some of the best food, laughter and fun for all! The server will take drink orders from each guest and when they come to bring the drink orders, the fun decorated souvenir glass starts out as a unique conversational piece, as the cook prepares the table for even more unforgettable entertainment. At Benihana the food is not only cooked its choreographed. The chefs will have you craving for more as they slice and dice and chop your meal before your eyes, very skilled and trained, in the art of entertainment or â€Å"eater-tainment† as they call it themselves. Each table’s personal chef will perform a uniquely amazing presentation as they cook each guest personal favorites. Everything is cooked right in front of the guest on a Japanese style on a hibachi table. The best entertainment is the entertainment your taste buds get from the outstanding menu. The menu has anything from sushi to steak. Everything is fresh no frozen, no canned, no additives! Each guest will be brought a hot towel to clean their hands. Then served a hot onion soup, as well a huge favorite to many; the salad with the Benihana dressing over the top! You can use chop sticks or the regular silver ware, it’s fun to learn how to use chop sticks, and in case you may not know how to use them, the server will be glad to give quick, fun lessons! One of my personal favorite items from the menu is the â€Å"Sea and Meadow† or better known as steak and shrimp, is served to perfection with vegies, fried rice and sauteed bean sprouts over extra more shrimp. Anything from the menu is to die for and all ranges in price from $10. 75-19. 95 not bad for steak, chicken, and shrimp, or lobster and scallops. Don’t forget to order dessert from the menu, maybe a tempura banana or rainbow sherbet. After dessert the guest have had the most memorable night in a while entertained and full to the brim. For those looking for a new favorite restaurant I would recommend Benihana or even if you are just looking for something outside the norm, or maybe a special someone is having a birthday or anniversary, this is definitely a restaurant that will leave the guest wanting to come back time and time again. Benihana is conveniently located in the heart of downtown, it’s full of surprises, and extreme diner entertainment and everything on the menu is delicious and healthy! Book your reservations and enjoy the experience that will leave a lasting memory and bring home some uniquely designed souvenir cups.

Evaluation Of A Netball Coaching Session

Evaluation Of A Netball Coaching Session The responsibility of a coach is to develop an athletes physical, technical, tactical and mental abilities. Moreover, their overall aim is to win in competition. As Martens(1987) suggests, one of the most important roles of the coach in competitive sport is to help athletes become more proficient in their performance. A good quality coach, meeting these criteria will be identified as superior. The media may play a role in developing a coachs portfolio focusing on their athletes wins and strategies. However, just focusing on wins/losses may prove to be limiting. There are many superior coaches who are not so well known and coach at a lower competitive level. Accordingly to Horne(2008)effective coaching is defined as, that which results in successful performance outcomes, wins/losses, self-perceived performance abilities or positive psychological response of the athlete. In relation to netball, by the coach adopting suitable leadership behaviour she is able to extract positive actions from the player to achieve set goals within competition/practice situations. As Bompa(1983)suggests, this role can include a wide range of tasks from sequential development/mastery of basic skills for beginners, to the more specialised physical, technical, tactical and psychological preparation of elite athletes. Subsequently, according to Horn(1992)the type of leadership behaviour exhibited by the coach can have a significant effect on the performance/psychological well being of the athlete. As Sherman,FullerSpeed(2000) states, athletes partaking in netball specified that positive feedback, training and instruction, together with democratic behaviour were preferred coaching methods to social support and autocratic behaviour. Coaching behaviours, therefore, are important; one tool to measure this is, the Coaching Behaviour Assessment System, LacyDarst(1985). Research on this aspect provides valuable information relating to leadership styles/feedback patterns and expectancy effects. However, it does not provide an insight into an athletes actual experience of being coached. As Valle,KingHalling(1989)suggests, in recent decades the definition of psychology was expanded to incorporate the study of both human behaviour/experience. Subsequently, the majority of research relating to coaching has focused on the behavioural/ordinary effectiveness, rather than the experimental/extraordinary greatness. When using these theories in netball the coach will need to be able to identify individual characteristics of particular players, including their strengths/weaknesses and apply them to differing conditions in order for them to meet their objectives. As Chelladurai(1978)states, effective coaching behaviour will vary a cross specific contexts as the characteristics of the athletes and the prescribed situation change. For an individual netball player to achieve improvement in athletic performance, it may be necessary for a particular coaching behaviour to be adopted to which the athlete is receptive. In netball training, it must be considered that a suitable coaching behaviour applied for one player may be an ineffective approach for another. According to Tinning(1982)a specific behaviour adopted by the coach may be more productive of certain outcomes than others. Again, the coach when reflecting on the team will need to tackle the varying needs and preferences of individual players. The coach may choose to implement either a homogenous approach, treating all the players equally, or alternatively create a heterogeneous style that gives differential treatment to individual players. Furthermore, it is paramount for the coach to be aware of the players coaching preferences in order to maintain motivation and enhance performance. According to ChelladuraiCarron(1978)if a coach adapts her behaviour to c omply with an athletes preference, the athlete may be more prepared to improve their overall performance. Another recognition of good quality netball coaching is The United Kingdom Coaching Certificate, which is an endorsement of sports-specific coach education. It ensures that the sport of netball is providing the best athlete centred coaching available in recreational, development and performance environments. It is a combined netball development between English/Welsh/Scottish netball amenities. It also encourages change in the structure/education within netball, by addressing the needs of the game by supporting the present/future players. It is a four level coaching structure, consisting of the following aspects: What the qualified coach is able to accomplish: 4 Design, evaluate and implement the progression/outcome of long-term/specialist coaching programmes 3 Plan , analyse, implement and revise annual coaching programmes 2 Preparation of, appraise and provide coaching sessions 1 Assist more qualified coaches, conveying aspects of coaching sessions to players, normally under direct supervision Table 1: Illustrates four level coaching structure The advantage of the UKCC is to enable the netball coach to acquire current qualifications and be adequately assessed. There are ongoing flexible resources available to accommodate/support individual coaches/players needs and environment, such as improved training/quality assurance. Furthermore, within a netball environment the UKCC will benefit the coach by providing them with UK recognised qualifications, coach centred training programmes and assist in enhancing their profile/skills. A systematic observation/evaluation of the selected sport of netball and surrounding coaching practices has been undertaken in order to evaluate the coaching process. In observing a particular training session, the qualities/weaknesses of the coach may be identified through evaluating the processes they put into practice. The data will also help to process why preparation is required to improve the session, game/players skills/motivation/confidence and set/meet aims/objectives. The level of competition at which the players are competing is County/National level. The gender profile of the team concerned consists of young female participants aged 18-21, with varying degrees of expertise/fitness levels. The coach, herself, is a 32 year-old female, with a good fitness level, eight years experience and a UKCC qualification at level 2. Data collated from questionnaires completed by the coach, player and an assessor has identified positive feedback factors together with aspects that need to be addressed. Figure 1.0 illustrates the analytical findings of the coach herself, the players experience and the overall assessment. The findings from the data suggest that the coachs self-assessment identified a shortfall in her preparation, communication/skill practice and gives her the opportunity to focus on these weaknesses. However, her assessment actually found her organisation skills to be very good, perhaps there is a lack of confidence in her actual ability. It also found her demonstration/skill practice to be of a fairly good standard, but with a little room for improvement. The data representative of the mean player, however, illustrates some problem areas, especially where communication, preparation and demonstrations are concerned. It is important for the player to feel confident in the planned session and easily understand the demonstrative skills, whether verbal/physical as this helps them to meet their goals and improve motivation. The information relating to the Assessors evaluation tends to suggest that organisation was of a very high standard, demonstration/skill practice and overall rating wer e too of a good standard, illustrating that the coach was quite enthusiastic in her approach to teaching. However, the areas of preparation/communication were identified as needing to be addressed. Improvements need to be made in preparing training sessions and ensuring equipment is adequate for the task. The coach also needs to learn how to communicate more easily both with other staff members/players. Therefore, the key areas requiring improvement are preparation/communication. The coach may need to learn new techniques relating to preparing training sessions to make them more interesting, effective/time-efficient. She may also need to adjust her method of coaching or leadership style in order to address varying individuals differently to improve communication amongst the team. The theory of coaching itself, is a form of leadership, identifying/pursuing objectives. Particular mention should be given to the training theory, although the principles of planning incorporate a degree of habitual traits and fashion, periodisation/training loadings, the principles themselves are based on physiological/biological theories. The second term refers to the generic aspects of coaching practice/ behaviour common to all sports coaching processes. Sports coaching should be understood as a process. As CrossLyle(1999)suggests, the coach relationship between athlete /coach, coaching practice/behaviour, and the training/competition elements are all essentials of the coaching process. The coachs overall role is to improve performance in competitive sport through acquired knowledge, organisation and planning/identifying goals. Therefore, from the assessments it is evident that the netball coach seems to have adopted an authoritarian leadership style, this being dictatorial in nature with the coach making all the decisions and the athletes responding suitably to commands. However, this approach does have disadvantages, defeat may be taken badly, sensitive performers may be handled inadequately/evident high sense of anxiety in players. This approach works on the assumption that as the coach has the necessary knowledge, experience and power, she should instruct the athletes and they should listen, absorb and comply with these instructions without retaliation. However, the model of a superior coach is to be able to communicate coaching actions/influences to the players and provide a stable environment in which to learn. They should be consistent training/relationships, be able to manage in a team environment such as netball and develop a working system. With an effective approach in place the players should know exactly what is expected of them and what they expect form their coach, allowing them to focus on their coachs actions/their own performance and overall development. Subsequently, the relationship between the coach/athletes needs to be robust enough to convey technical skills/mentoring from the coach to the athletes. Any developmental weaknesses should be able to be identified/enhanced through the appreciatio n of self/other awareness. This aspect is especially important within the sport of netball to provide an efficient, competitive game plan. A coachs performance, especially if high performance may be evaluated using athlete feedback. As Franks(2004)states, there is intrinsic feedback that athletes obtain through participating in sport à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.extrinsic feedback includes knowledge of results(outcome) and knowledge of performance (process). As seen in the observations, feedback seems to be somewhat restricted in certain areas. Obviously, this needs to be addressed in order to observe, monitor performance and correct any errors within the training session. As Martens(1997)suggests, use sight and sound in providing feedback. This is important as individuals learn in different ways some gain more from explanations, whereas others may need demonstrations. In netball this is paramount as it can illustrate how players may refine certain movements, such as passing/shooting. Cox(1991)suggests, verbal feedback is a vitally important issue in effective coaching. It may take several different forms, each of which reinforces players in a predictable fashion. As Cox(1991) points out, four questions in order to test effectiveness verbal feedback are required. These include, are the majority of statements to athletes of value, perhaps encouraging, is corrective feedback phrases negative or positive, when coaching numerous athletes is feedback given to an athlete so that the others can hear and finally, do I give feedback to my athletes whilst they are working and practising? As feedback within the netball observation is relatively poor between coach/players, to enhance this perhaps positive praise can be given to the players only when they understand the reason for it. Corrective feedback should also be phrased in a positive way and if there is any criticism to be made it is best for this to done individually so as not to expose a players weakness. Finally, feedback should be given immediately after performance, rather than during it. These methods will help improve performance without affecting motivation. Motivation is a key factor in netball as it helps to improve the players game, work and train hard to the best of their ability. If the coach is good at motivating her players they will want to play for her particular team. For good motivation this depends on who the coach is and what she actually does. Motivation can be an individual thing, some players may be motivated by the enthusiasm/caring nature of the coach, others by the desire to please the coach, but on the whole motivation is improved by a good communication relationship, the setting of goals and a vision for the future. As Wooden(2004)states, you should study/analyse each individual to find out what makes them tick, you can then get them under your control. Therefore the netball coach needs to motivate each player in the team. As stated in the theory of cognitive-evaluation DeciRyan(1985)and Vallerand et al(1987), this theory examines the relationship between intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, in particular the impact rewar ds upon behaviour and performanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦athletes have two innate needs, to feel competent and self-determining in their activities (Finch,2002). The netball coach by giving her players more verbal/physical encouragement will increase their confidence and boost moral. According to Finch(2002),DudaTreasure(2001)the theoretical perspective on athlete motivation believes that attributions affect expectations of future success or failure and the emotional reactions of performers. By reflecting on various theories, the netball coach will need to give consideration to and improve her weak communication skills. The assessment of coaches is paramount to reflect on coaching skills and coaches can be assessed by using the Coaching Behaviour Scale for Sport(CBSS), Cote,Yardley,Hay,Sedgwick Baker(1999). The CBSS may be applied to an athlete at one or more points in time in invasive, competitive sport, usually around mid/end of season. Data collected during the mid season will provide useful feedback to the coach, allowing any issues to be addressed in the second half of the season. An end of season evaluation is also recommended. Ideally, the athlete will meet an independent Assessor to discuss the objectives of the evaluation. An athletes qualitative feedback relating to their coachs abilities to teach technical skills and set goals is important. As McKerman(1996)suggests, coach evaluations, must be an enquiry into ones own performance. One needs to have a set of questions in which answers are sought through a form of research into ones professional practice. Reflective practice allows a coach to appreciate varying styles/methods of coaching relevant to different individuals or age groups, an important factor in netball coaching. Therefore, without a reflective structure the coach would not be able to re-evaluate the training processes. As Pollard(2002)states, reflective teaching is applied in a cyclical process, where coachs monitor/evaluate and adjust their own practice. The netball coach obviously needs to reconsider her selection of relevant coaching styles to accommodate various individuals, especially those who require more independence/self-reliance to progress. A good netball coach should be able to encourage this aspect to assist those players who require to be interdependent. By communicating with a positive clear strong voice/praising where necessary, she should make her instructions/reinforcement easy to understand. This in turn will enhance team moral and performance. If a netball coach has necessary knowledge/experience she will be able identify any weaknesses within the team/game plan, reflecting on them accordingly. As Pollard(2002)states the importance of reflection within coaching, the process of reflective teaching supports the development/maintenance of professional expertise. Therefore, reflective practice demands a coach to honestly assess their own behaviour. Furthermore, reflective evaluation is useful in evaluating highlights where there are social needs within a sport, for example children. This is important when planning training sessions, in order not to overload. The coach will need to identify/supervise a player who performs differently to the norm. This should in fact be nurtured, as it may be a new artistic style to be developed in the future. Experimentation of ideas may unlock an individuals potential, however, the coach should remain decisive/positive in her actions. Failure to do so, may affect the confidence of a player and their faith in the coach. As Tolstoy(1861;1967)cited by Schon(1991)suggests, each coach must, by regarding every imperfection in the individuals comprehension not as a defect in his on instruction endeavour to develop in their selves to discovering new methods. Sport management needs to be applied in netball coaching. The assessment on the whole seems to highlight preparation/organisation to be of a relatively good standard. Organisation will often be influenced by environmental situations in which the coach is working/structures in place. However, problem areas are evident, these relate to preparation/time-control/verbal communication. Time-keeping by individual players/training sessions is a fundamental aspect in organisation as it helps keep structure in place. It seems the relevant training session was slightly disorganised and late to start, this may have had an overall influence on coaching demonstrations, as they may have been rushed to keep to a schedule As a manager, the coach will be responsible for developing team structure amongst the players and possibly developing the configuration of the support organisation too. Staffing involves the selection of players/assistant coaches/others to help the team achieve its goals, together with training, assigning specific duties and the provision of a working environment. Also, the netball coach will obviously be required to direct the team with good decision-making processes to meet objectives. Finally, she should be able to control the situation, by monitoring the process of achieving team goals via necessary adjustments as/and when required. In the planning process, the coach needs to distinguish what/and how she is going to teach her team. She should be able to recall characteristics of individual players in order to determine how much they can learn. As Martens(2004)suggests, this information may be acquired from previous training sessions and it is important to systematically evaluate the players on essential skills identified, in order to assess their starting point for instruction and how to personalise their training to maximise potential. The netball coach should also be well acquainted with rules and technical/tactical skills of the sport. To teach beginners, she ideally must have enough knowledge as is required to teach at professional level and there must be a strong understanding of the fundamentals. As Lyle(2002) suggests, the knowledge/skills of the coach is a key feature of the implementation of the coaching process, and the form/nature of the process are likely to be shaped by these capacities and the coachs personal characteristics/values. It is evident that the process requires direct intervention, strategic integration/ co-ordination and requires a distinctive set of skills/knowledge. As DeMarcoMcCullick(1997)states, expert coaches have a thorough knowledge of the sport they coach, team/player management, coaching principles/planning skills. The use of intuition in decision making tends to differentiate between expert/less expert coaches(Jones,2006). From the observations, there seems to be concerns relatin g to knowledge/skills of the coach. Some of these problems may result as a direct consequence of poor communication already identified. However, within the field of netball the coach may need to apply sport-specific skills by improving planning objectives. As Lyle(2002)suggests, improvement of sport performance is the central purpose of the coaching process and a detailed knowledge/understanding of performance is essential from target setting/prediction/monitoring progression to training programme design, planning strategy and tactics. With the balance of practice/competition management together with good planning, relevant feedback/communication, the original problems encountered may be improved. Obviously, the coach will need to be fully up to date with netball training techniques/competition requirements but consideration also needs to be given to the suitability of team members to the game, whether it is skill/fitness related and she should have the necessary interpersonal skill s to deal with this. As Lyle(2002)states, hereditary factors may set limits of performance. The quality of the coaching process will determine how close to those limits the athlete will reach. Once an understanding of how athletes learn and how relevant knowledge can be conveyed to the team the coach needs to focus on sport specific skills relating to netball and how to actually teach them. Firstly, the skill needs to be introduced by clear explanation/demonstration then put into practice and relevant feedback acquired to correct any errors. When introducing the skill the coach needs to do this with enthusiasm, expressed through words/actions, helping to make the topic interesting/productive. When she demonstrates a particular skill it should be performed as in a competitive situation, repeated several times and explained thoroughly to accommodate individualisation and varying learning attributes. As the coach has a UKCC qualification, she should have studied these areas during her training. However, if she requires further training she will be able to this under the scheme. Many players will express an appreciation of playing for good coaches who are honest, loyal and genuine, and also willingly serve in a variety of roles that go beyond the netball court. An individual coachs experience will emerge in many ways and most netball players have great respect for the veteran coaches. It does seem clear from the players experiences that it is not about what the coach does, but how she actually does it. As Gould,Guinain,Greenleaf,MedberyPeterson(1999)states, athletes view their coaches as teachers/mentors and friends. They also view their coaches as parental figures, Lidar,Lavyan (2002). The coach, herself, needs to relate to the players more through communicating performance information/player-roles/expectation/ individual goals and a team vision. The players are likely respond to direct, one/one comments and indirect methods. There are some variances in the validity of the results, this may be due to the effects of reflective coaching, coach/athlete may have been too lenient/harsh on themselves/others. The players may have reflected on past experiences and taken this into consideration when applying her information. Also, during assessment , environmental issues may have had an impact, or whilst the coach was assessed she may have enhanced her skills in particular areas, especially enthusiasm, however, she could not override the apparent discrepancies regarding preparation and communication. In conclusion, critical analysis and findings in the netball data obtained has characterised six major dimensions relating to the training session, and what the players relate to superior coaching. As HughesBartlett(2002)suggest, the objective analysis of sports performance must use clearly defined, relevant and valid performance indicators and the method of measurement must be demonstrated to be valid and reliable. These are, coach attributes, the environment in which they perform, the system/structures in place, good relationships between coach/players, their overall coaching actions and influences. One key point that materialised, was the importance of interaction and in this particular instance this seems to be limited. Obviously, when players first join a team, they familiarise themselves with their environment/structure/coach and hopefully a rapour develops between the coach/player, together with a feeling of unit reinforced with the teams dress attire. These aspects actually f orm the backbone of good coaching practice. Therefore, the exercise seems beneficial, as the evidence is suggestive of a lack of consistency in areas of her coaching. For future development and enhancement of overall performance the netball coach needs to focus on various attributes that compliment each other, such as interaction/relationships and communication.

Broken Glass Essay -- Essays Papers

Broken Glass The Glass Menagerie refers to the fragile world of dreams, and illusion. Within the play Williams uses characters who face solitary struggles in an emotionally, physically, and financially starved surrounding. During the course of the play, a glass unicorn gets broken, symbolizing the fragile nature of a dream world. It's more than coincidental that the play's title refers to the collection of glass animals that belongs to Laura. The title of the play gives symbolism to the lives of Tom, Laura, and Amanda. To find relief from his boring, tedious and stressful life along with his mother's constant nagging abuse, Tom goes to movies "nobody goes to the movies night after night" (1874) and dreams about future adventures for himself. To...

Charter Change in the Philippines

Summarize the article — Before summarizing the article:CHACHA needed for inclusive growth. I would like you to know that some sentences below are taken from the article. Thus, I do not account any ownership on some other lines. The article is about Charter change (CHA-CHA) must be pushed in the Philippines. It sites that our Constitution, is not welcoming foreign investors to our mass media and advertising, public utilities, educational institutions, land ownership, and exploitation of natural resources.The good news is, letting foreign investors to invest only in our stock market, not in actual capital goods and fixed investments. Moreover, our president compared our country to China who can afford to be restrictive of land ownership. This proves that we can also have a growing rate. However, the government of China is more efficient than ours in implementing infrastructure projects. On the other hand, changing our constitution can be very simple, according to Feliciano Belmo nte, â€Å"What the legislators can do is to append the phrase â€Å"except when otherwise provided by law† to all the restrictive economic provisions.†Though, it sounded simple, As the critics say, any unlimited ability to buy land could enable the rich Arabs or the Chinese to buy all the 7,100 islands of the Archipelago. Also, Bernardo M. Villegas suggest that the new Foreign Investments Act should allow a 49 percent foreign ownership also to assure the preservation of certain national values that could be endangered in the hands of foreigners who may espouse such counter values as abortion, divorce and gay marriages.All in all, the massive entry of foreign investors – regulated by the Foreign Investments Act – can do much to make all the sectors of the Philippine economy more competitive, with the resulting benefits to consumers in the form of lower prices, higher quality of goods or services and greater productivity from the technology that foreigners will bring with them. Explain why you agree or disagree. Discuss your reaction — At first, I disagree to Charter change or also known as CHA-CHA. We all might be interested to inclusive growth, increase investment in infrastructure and GDP.But let us try look to on the other side. Like, what are the possible consequences we may face? We all know that allowing CHACHA means letting foreigners/outsiders to take advantage on us. Allowing them to buy and be part of our mass media and advertising, public utilities, educational institutions, land ownership, and exploitation of natural resources. In short, we are giving them a chance to rule over our country. However, I tried to read more about CHA-CHA. As I have been reading, I realized that I am over thinking of national security.And so, I started to agree with CHA-CHA. Basically right from the start, we are allowing ourselves to be part of CHA-CHA. The question is how? According to the website I have read at â€Å"Technology and globalization have also rendered those Constitutional prohibitions meaningless. In the age of the Internet, satellite television and social media, Filipinos are consuming their media content from sources all over. We can listen to a radio, watch movies, and read newspapers without even going through a â€Å"Filipino-controlled† media outfit.Moreover, people can even attend lectures and get a degree from a foreign university online. Therefore, these Constitutional prohibitions are such anachronisms and must be removed. † This affected me very much, I realized that CHA-CHA is not so bad at all. With this, we can modernize our political and economic institutions. All in all, I agree and disagree at the same time. Why is there a need for charter change? – After reading articles on the internet, I have understood that: Charter change (CHA-CHA) will improve and revise our constitution.It is to reform some law and Article. I am not saying that some Article is wrong, bu t what I’m trying to say is that our constitution will be better if Charter change (CHA-CHA) will be pushed. Moreover, here are some laws and Article that needs to be pushed/made: (1) in our 1987 Constitution, there is no Anti-Trust law that prohibits monopoly and encourages competition between businesses. (2) Article XII: Protectionism, which makes the Philippines most restrictive in foreign investment. (3) Federalization, this will spread the economic wealth throughout the country.The reason why the Manila is very congested, is because of the unhealthy spread economic wealth, this is because there aren’t much jobs offered in some regions and so most country men are forced to migrate in Manila which is becoming more congested. And those are the three laws and Article that I want to push through. Furthermore, I believe that with Charter change (CHA-CHA ) our country will improve its education, infrastructures, public utilities, and exploitation of natural resources. Wi th these we will be able to increase our inclusive growth, increase investment in infrastructure and GDP.And so I believe that we need to push through Charter change (CHA-CHA ). How can such change jumpstart the economy? Charter change will be very helpful to improve our economy. Charter change (CHA-CHA ) attracts foreign investors, with these we will be able to increase our inclusive growth, increase investment in infrastructure and GDP. But the question is how? Like I said before, CHA-CHA will increase our foreign investors. These foreign investors will create businesses here that will need workers. And those workers will be us. Other than an increase in our investment it will also be a job opportunity for every Filipino.If there are job oppurtunities in our country, then it means that there will be a decrease of OFW. The 100-percent ownership requirement for media companies, including similar restrictions on the advertising industry, easily come to mind. Such prohibitions deny ou r media companies the chance to get foreign capital they need to be world class. I recall that those restrictions were imposed out of fear that our people will be subjected to unwanted foreign media influence. Well, in the age of satellite communications and cable television, that objective will not be met anyway.They just beam their programs to us from Hong Kong and Singapore, with both benefiting from their investments. We are simply a market that outflows dollar payments to them. The 60/40 limitation on ownership of public utility companies is another outdated mandate. Given the enormity of investments needed in these types of companies that are impossible to raise in this country, a properly regulated 100-percent foreign ownership should be beneficial to our consumers. Indeed, it is the only way to provide effective competition to home-grown monopolies.I also have no problems with liberalized citizenship rules. We are now a nation in diaspora, pretty much like the Jews. We are s cattered all over the world not because we want to, but because we have to earn a li-ving somehow. A piece of paper does not define who a Filipino is. The sense of being Filipino is in the heart. Since overseas Pinoys also have economic clout, they could play a key role in raising needed capital for our economic development. Jews in America enjoy dual citizenship and they contribute greatly to Israel’s economy.Why not similarly tap our Fil-Am brothers and sisters and all Pinoys elsewhere by allowing them dual citizenship? They are real Pinoys by blood and sentiment. On the form of government, I am ready to try a real parliamentary system. The semi-parliamentary experiment of Mr. Marcos does not count since the government system then was essentially dictatorial. I initially thought we need a Senate for the sense of statesmanship needed to temper our legislature. But electing a statesman to the Senate has become difficult these days. We have showbiz personalities being elected more out of popularity than ability.And with the cost of getting elected nationally now out of hand, the Senate as a concept no longer works. Let’s have a unicameral body that will at least save us time and money. A parliament working under the leadership of a Prime Minister will have full responsibility for running the government and passing the needed legislative measures. Hopefully, there will be no more buck passing. Failure is failure and the Prime Minister and his government must take full responsibility. A good Prime Minister can serve beyond the six-year presidential term.A bad one can be thrown out into the streets in a month without having to do another People Power event on EDSA. We can still elect a basically symbolic President who is the head of state. This will allow the masa to still directly vote for Fernando Poe Jr. or even Dolphy and do little damage to the functioning of government. With the President’s function limited to such ceremonies as acceptin g the credentials of ambassadors and hosting visiting dignitaries in state dinners, even a charming moron who has the minimum ability to read a ghost written speech can be President.That way, the country need not worry about an Erap disaster, i. e. , bestowing enormous responsibility on a total incompetent, happening again. A constituent assembly composed of the present members of Congress should do just fine. I don’t believe a specially elected constitutional assembly would be better or any different. We will only spend good money to elect the relatives and friends of the current members of Congress simply because that’s the power structure nationwide. Besides, a constitutional convention will likely prolong its job and will want to rewrite the entire Constitution.The last thing we need is another deliberative body and endless debates. Talk, contrary to popular belief, is not cheap. We only need a few key amendments. We only have to give the constituent assembly a nar row mandate in the joint resolution to amend specific provisions and nothing more. Let us also stop this nonsense of accusing GMA or JDV of wanting charter change so they can be Prime ministers. They have both said they are not interested. Even if they are, so what? It is a new ball game and maybe with new rules, they can be more effective. For now, let’s take their word for it so we can move on.I will concede that it would be better if our political parties are ideologically different from each other. But we just have to get started now or we will never get there. Maybe, eventually we can have a real choice of party ideologies. In the meantime, we need the new basic rules and the political stability of not having to worry about another EDSA toppling a president. Even if we have to change Prime Ministers every month in the beginning, that would be less stressful to investors than the EDSA system which involves the armed services in an extremely painful process of leadership c hange.Let us not complicate this charter change business with extraneous baggage. We need some changes just so we can be economically competitive. While none of these changes constitute a cure-all and none is as good as a radical change of attitude in every Filipino’s heart, a few well chosen amendments can give the economy a jump start. We don’t have the luxury of time to debate these vital changes to death. Let’s get moving fast before things really get out of hand as in Joma returning home and not necessarily in hand cuffs.

Buy It or Review It (Or Preferably Both)

Buy It or Review It (Or Preferably Both) I believe Ill touch a nerve here, which is sometimes fun. But most of the time, it means a controversial topic that wakes people up.and makes people make excuses for what they thought was righteous behavior. Well see. Not long ago, I wrote a piece about paying writers properly. I posted this abbreviated version on Facebook: If you are a writer, ask to be paid for your work. If you are asking a writer to appear, pay them. If you read a book, pay for it. If you accept a free book, post a review. Anything else is eroding the careers of writers everywhere. A lot of people got on board with rants about not getting reviews after giving away so many books. We all get that. I give away 100 books the first few weeks of a new release, and barely half of the recipients initially keep their promise to review. Its difficult to add a book to your busy schedule. But its wrong to agree to review then not do so. It amazed me the ones who DID review, and pained me seeing the ones who DID NOT. However, few got my point, that as writers, we tend to cannibalize our own. When we act as readers, do we review every book we read? As badly as we crave reviews, are we loyal to other writers in Doing Unto Them as Wed Like to Be Done To? It really boils down to this: When you obtain a book, you have two choices: You pay for it or you review it. If you can find the time to spend hours reading the thing, you can take three to five minutes to review it. What about all those souls giving away free books? Personally, I only take a free book if I intend to read it as a reviewer. And frankly, I prefer to pay for my books. Why? Because I prefer people pay for mine. I refuse to download a free one, much preferring to at least pay $1.99 or more. Its a principle of mine. Yes, I give away a few books with the clear message that they are review copies. And against the advice of others, I even follow up with those readers. The system goes like this: 1) I ask for reviewers for a book on social media or in my newsletters 2) I make a list and determine how many books to send out 3) I send the books 4) I wait a month then email/mail postcard asking if they received the book no mention of a review 3) I wait another month then email/mail a postcard asking if they enjoyed the book no mention of a review Thats it. No harassment. You have a list of names who reviewed your work. You love these people. You dont mind asking them to review again in the future. You know they will follow through. And you also know those who have not reviewedand to not ask again.

How George Carlins Filthy Words Gave The Government The Power To Regul

How George Carlins Filthy Words Gave The Government The Power To Regul How George Carlin's "Filthy Words" Gave the Government the Power to Regulate What We Hear on the Radio The FCC v. Pacifica Foundation: GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ON RADIO BROADCASTING In 1978 a radio station owned by Pacifica Foundation Broadcasting out of New York City was doing a program on contemporary attitudes toward the use of language. This broadcast occurred on a mid-afternoon weekday. Immediately before the broadcast the station announced a disclaimer telling listeners that the program would include "sensitive language which might be regarded as offensive to some."(Gunther, 1991) As a part of the program the station decided to air a 12 minute monologue called "Filthy Words" by comedian George Carlin. The introduction of Carlin's "routine" consisted of, according to Carlin, "words you couldn't say on the public air waves."(Carlin, 1977) The introduction to Carlin's monologue listed those words and repeated them in a variety of colloquialisms: I was thinking about the curse words and the swear words, the cuss words and the words that you can't say, that you're not supposed to say all the time. I was thinking one night about the words you couldn't say on the public, ah, airwaves, um, the ones you definitely wouldn't say, ever. Bastard you can say, and hell and damn so I have to figure out which ones you couldn't and ever and it came down to seven but the list is open to amendment, and in fact, has been changed, uh, by now. The original seven words were shit, piss, fuck, cunt, cocksucker, motherfucker, and tits. Those are the ones that will curve your spine, grow hair on your hands and maybe, even bring us, God help us, peace without honor, and a bourbon. (Carlin, 1977) A man driving with his young son heard this broadcast and reported it to the Federal Communications Commission [FCC]. This broadcast of Carlin's "Filthy Words" monologue caused one of the greatest and most controversial cases in the history of broadcasting. The case of the FCC v. Pacifica Foundation. The outcome of this case has had a lasting effect on what we hear on the radio. This landmark case gave the FCC the "power to regulate radio broadcasts that are indecent but not obscene." (Gunther, 1991) What does that mean, exactly? According to the government it means that the FCC can only regulate broadcasts. They can not censor broadcasts, that is determine what is offensive in the matters of speech. Before this case occurred there were certain laws already in place that prohibited obscenity over radio. One of these laws was the "law of nuisance". This law "generally speaks to channeling behavior more than actually prohibiting it."(Simones, 1995) The law in essence meant that certain words depicting a sexual nature were limited to certain times of the day when children would not likely be exposed. Broadcasters were trusted to regulate themselves and what they broadcast over the airwaves. There were no specific laws or surveillance by regulatory groups to assure that indecent and obscene material would not be broadcast. Therefore, when the case of the FCC vs. Pacifica made its way to the Supreme Court it was a dangerous decision for the Supreme Court to make. Could the government regulate the freedom of speech? That was the ultimate question. Carlin's monologue was speech according to the first amendment.(Simones, 1995) Because of this Pacifica argued that "the first amendment prohibits all governmental regulation that depends on the content of speech."(Gunther, 1991) "However there is no such absolute rule mandated by the constitution," according to the Supreme Court.(Gunther, 1991) Therefore the question is "whether a broadcast of patently offensive words dealing with sex and excretion may be regulated because of its content. The fact that society may find speech offensive is not a sufficient reason for suppressing it."(Gunther, 1991) The Supreme Court deemed that these words offend for the same reasons that obscenity offends. They also state that "these words, even though they had no literary meaning or value, were still protected by the first amendment."(Gunther, 1991) So what does this mean to the American public? This decision gave government the power to regulate, whereas it did not before. Broadcasting, out of all forms of communication, has received the most limited protection of the first amendment.

Astronomers Peer Deep into Blobs in Space

Astronomers Peer Deep into Blobs in Space Out in the depths of space, theres a blob that astronomers have been anxious to explain. It wasnt immediately obvious to them why it shined as brightly as it did. The blob (and it really is a blob) is called SSA22-Lyman-alpha-blob and it lies some 11.5 billion years away from us. That means that it looks to us now as it did some 11.5 billion years ago. SSA22-LAB appears to have two giant galaxies at its heart that are bursting with star formation activity. The whole region where this object and its galaxies lies is swarming with smaller galaxies. Clearly, something is going on there, but what?   VLT and ALMA to the Rescue This rare Lyman-alpha Blob is not exactly visible to the naked eye. Thats largely due to distance, but also because the light its emitting is visible to us here on Earth in infrared wavelengths and also in radio frequencies. The name Lyman-alpha-blob tells astronomers that the object originally radiated its light in ultraviolet wavelengths. However, due to the expansion of space, the light is shifted so that its visible in infrared. Its one of the largest of these LABs to be observed. So, astronomers used the European Southern Observatorys  Very Large Telescope Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer to dissect the incoming light for study. They then combined that information with data from the Atacama Large-Millimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile. Together, these two observatories allowed astronomers to peek into the heart of the action at the distant blob in space. Deep imaging with the Hubble Space Telescopes Imaging Spectrograph and the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii also helped them refine the view of the blob. The result is an amazingly beautiful view of a blob that existed in the distant past but is still telling us its story today. Whats Happening at SSA22-LAB? It turns out that this blob is one very interesting result of galaxy interactions,  which create ever-larger galaxies. Furthermore, the two embedded galaxies are surrounded by clouds of hydrogen gas. At the same time, they are both cranking out hot young stars at a furious rate. Baby stars emit a lot of ultraviolet light, and that lights up the surrounding clouds. Its like looking at a streetlight on a foggy night - the light from the lamp scatters off the water drops in the fog and it makes a kind of foggy glow around the light. In this case, the light from the stars is scattering off the hydrogen molecules and creating the lyman-alpha blob. Why Is This Discovery so Important? Distant galaxies are extremely interesting to study. In fact, the more distant they are, the more fascinating they get. Thats because very distant galaxies are also very early galaxies. We see them as they were as they were infants. The birth and evolution of galaxies is one of the hottest areas of study in astronomy these days. Astronomers know that it proceeds as smaller galaxies merge together with larger ones. They see galaxy mergers at nearly every part of cosmic history, but the beginnings of those mergers started back 11 to 13 billion years ago. However, the details of all mergers are still being studied, and the results (such as this lovely blob) are often quite a surprise to them. If scientists can get a handle on how galaxies form through collisions and cannibalization, they can understand how these processes worked in the early universe. Whats more, from observing other, newer galaxies that have been through the same process that this LAB galaxy is experiencing, they know that it will result in a giant elliptical galaxy. Along the way, it will collide with more galaxies. Each time, the galaxy interaction will force the creation of countless hot, young massive stars.  These starburst galaxies show prodigious rates of star formation. And, as they evolve and die, they will also change their galaxy - seeding it with more elements and the seeds of future stars and planets. In a sense, looking at SSA22-Lyman-alpha-blog is like looking at the process our own galaxy might have experienced early in its formation. However, the Milky Way didnt end up as an elliptical galaxy in the heart of a cluster as this one will do. Instead, it became a spiral galaxy, home to trillions of stars and many planets. ​In the future, it will merge again, this time with the Andromeda Galaxy. And, when it does that, the combined galaxies will indeed form an elliptical. So, the study of SSA22-LAB is a very important step in understanding the origin and evolution of all galaxies.

Inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Inflation - Essay Example There are different reasons that contribute to inflation in any economy which varies in terms of supply and demand of commodities in supply and the means of exchange (Baumol & Blinder, 2011, p 37). According to economists, moderate or low economic inflation can be caused by the increase in demand of commodities or the scarcity on the side of suppliers. On the other hand, hyperinflation is attributed to high supply of currency in the market in which the individual who possesses it buys commodities at high prices than they ought to cost under normal circumstances. This has ever been witnessed in different countries where currencies have inflated to trigger an economic threat to the businesses within the society. In attempts to curb the inflation from rising to hyperinflation, various methods have been implemented which have led to stabilisation of the economy and improve the predictability of the market conditions. In United Kingdom, UK inflation happened and the country implemented va rious methods that led to balancing of the economy so that investors could continue to invest in that economy. In looking at the effects of inflation, it is good to consider the various things that lead to it and means that can be used to control it with a practical example of a country that has ever been affected and implemented some methods they used to control it with a focus at the advantages and disadvantages of those methods. In the economy, there are different explanations that economists give as the causes of the economic inflation that affect nation; these are given according to the different types of inflation that are found within an area. In general, the general causes of inflation plays around supply and demand of various things in the market that have direct influence of on the prices of the commodity to be bought. This means that abundance or scarcity of a particular determinant of trade i.e. goods or services and means of exchange, can cause prices of the commodities to rise within a short period. Following this perception, the abundance on the side of demand causes prices to go high because of the competition that arise from the different buyers who are interested in a particular commodity. The other perspective that causes inflation is the scarcity on the side of the supply where only little products over which buyers compete to attain making the sellers to determine the buyer through high prices that are attainable by just a few of them. From this perspective, there are two major categorisation of inflation in the economy, which are dependent on supply and demand in the market where individuals trade and which include moderate and high rate or hyperinflation (Credan, 2006, p45). Moderate inflation is caused by different situation of the demand and supply of the products in the market and can result from increase in the demand for products or reduction of supply. As a result of increased demand for goods or services, many customers that requi re a particular product contest for it financially and can lead to high prices of such products as in accordance to the law of demand that says that the higher the demand, the lower the supply and hence, the higher the price of the commodity. This results to inflation because

Employer of a court ruling that a clause or a contract is a sham Essay

Employer of a court ruling that a clause or a contract is a sham - Essay Example In most cases, sham employment contracts are the result of denial of mutuality by a provision indicating that the organization or employer does not offer any specific tasks and the alleged employee does not assume to do it (Cabrelli, 2014). Similarly, denial of personal service by introducing a contractual clause indicating that the individual employee can substitute his or her absence by sending someone else to undertake the work is another unfair act by the employer. Contractor agreements normally contain such clauses and their existence suggests that the person does not meet the description of â€Å"worker† in common law as there is no requirement to execute out the tasks â€Å"personally†. Regardless, if neither the person nor the organization ever contemplated the future obligation to bring a substitute in the ‘worker’s’ absence regardless of the lack of common intent to lie to any third party, courts would determine the working arrangement as â€Å"sham† (Painter, & Holmes, 2012). In most cases, the ensuing situation technically changes the position of the person from expressly-stated â€Å"contractor† to a practical â€Å"worker† by virtue of his or her subsequent behaviour. As Cabrelli (2014) noted, when the seemingly harsh and unreasonable outcomes on the â€Å"worker† have been delineated, courts have demonstrated their willingness to enforce the contract as it would be employment contract. Regardless, various court interventions have raised serious problems since the known connotation of a sham remains somehow vague in commercial law. This is especially true in situations where both parties to an employment pact are guilty of misrepresentation to deceive third parties, where it is held that such action does not constitute a sham. The clearest proof of confusion in the common sense understanding of a sham provision is that it has never been consensually enforced (Davies, 2009). The

Healthy Baltimore 2015 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthy Baltimore 2015 - Research Paper Example The city was also referred to as a major production center. After a decrease in production, Baltimore moved to a service related economy. The different hospitals used to working as the citys main two managers (Regan, 36). At 621,342 at the beginning of July 1, 2012, the number of inhabitants in Baltimore expanded by 1,100 occupants over the past year. The Baltimore Metropolitan Area has become relentlessly to nearly 2.7 million inhabitants in 2010. The city was alluded to as the twentieth biggest nation in the globe. Baltimore is also a primary city in the bigger Baltimore–Washington metropolitan territory of nearly 8.4 million inhabitants. With many recognized regions, Baltimore has been named "the city of neighborhoods." It is also nicknamed as Charm City. The abilities of authors Edgar Allan Poe and H.L. Mencken, musical artist James "Eubie" Blake, and vocalist Billie Holiday, and the citys part in the post-War and Scott Keys composition of "The Star-Spangled Banner" have all impacted the citys historical vitality. Baltimore is in the north of the Patapsco River. This is near to where it purges into the Chesapeake Bay. This river isolates Baltimore into two levels of lower city and upper city. The citys height ranges from ocean level. As stated by the 2010 Census, the city has an aggregate territory of 92.052 square miles (238.41 km2). However, 80.944 sq mi (209.64 km2) is area and 11.108 sq mi (28.77 km2) is water. The aggregate region is 12.07 percent water. It is circumscribed by Anne Arundel County to the south. Minority health is the main problem in Baltimore city. It concentrates on the health of racial and ethnic minority or multicultural populations. It is an exceptionally critical issue in Baltimore. An alternate term used to address minority health is racial and ethnic health variations. Health differences are unfavorable or unequal differences in

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded Essay - 4

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow. Consider knowledge issues raised by this statement in two areas of knowledge - Essay Example For instance, as proven by Albert Einstein, it is known that the highest velocity that can be possible is the quickness of light, but it was observed that there is quicker velocity than the quickness of light. It is worth mentioning that whatever a person believes is based upon the authority as it decides what has to be accepted in the society. However, as there is a change in time accordingly there is a change in knowledge as well. Thesis Statement. Correspondingly, the objective of the essay is to discuss the issues relating to knowledge that have aroused and how the knowledge attained before can be discarded due to the changes occurred in today’s prevailing situation. Knowledge issues or problems associated with knowledge are terms which do not have a single definition as this definition might cause confusion. However, these issues are directly related to understanding the world. These issues are open to exploration and enquiry of strength along with problems relating to knowledge. These issues help in finding out how knowledge can be of assistance along with limitations of knowledge in collaboration with the approaches of explanation and confirmation in different aspects of knowledge. In a broader perspective, knowledge issues include an assortment of aspects which could be approached from the Theory of Knowledge (TOK) viewpoint wherein it allows exploration, discussion and development of the issues. For instance, most frequently raised questions by students, â€Å"Are the textbooks and questions provided by the teachers’ right?† is a knowledge issue when it is framed appropriately in TOK objectives along with aims context (Carroll , â€Å"Knowledge Issues†). Moreover, it can be expected that if the knowledge issue is treated properly then it would certainly deal with aspects that can be interlinked in different relevant ways. This is the reason because of which the knowledge issue is treated in

Analyze the Running Case on pages 456-457 of the textbook Essay

Analyze the Running Case on pages 456-457 of the textbook - Essay Example To finish all projects in time, it is important to allocate sufficient resources and manpower to all projects. The first step will be workforce planning which involves anticipating and integrating human resource in order to preempt contingencies that would prevent delivery of a project in time and at the allocated budget. Each project will have a work plan which gives the expected progress with time, budget, resources and expected contingencies and ways of mitigating them. For the parts carried out by the company procedures and work instructions, a standard progress reporting form will be prepared with fields for the report date, status of the project as a percentage, expected status as of that date from the project planning, budget used as a percentage of the total, next report date and a description of the progress made in the project. "We are also concerned that the longer the full implementation takes †¦.† By Kevin Johnson, USA TODAY advertisement on FBI behind schedule, over budget on computer system. From this it is quite evident that a project that goes beyond the stipulated plan bracket ends up by being costly. To implement the completion of the project within the budget bracket, PMO executes the project(s) through four phases where in the initial stages, the PMO team is trained on the basic project management processes, standards to be followed when running the project (Mahnic, & Zabkar, 2012) . For the projects to be carried out by subcontractors, and partners, progress reporting dates will be agreed upon and included in the progress contract. A similar progress reporting form will be used by external contractors with actual inspection by Wild Solutions staff to verify the claims of the submitted progress report. Control process for progress reporting focus on software design schedule, construction schedule, budget and resources (Mahnic, & Zabkar, 2012). Under design schedule, reporting will focus on how well the completed part of

Accounting Standard AASB138 Intangible Assets Essay

Accounting Standard AASB138 Intangible Assets - Essay Example This means that as much as possible, no pieces and bits of expenses are to be left out. The collection of every amount that went into spending is supposed to be captured as part of the expenditure development (Deegan, 2012). This also entails a mandate whereby accounting for research and development expenses will not be done in isolation. Rather, it is expected that the expenses making up for the two will be integrated as one so as to have a total aggregate of the expenditure. What is more, the AASB138 requires specific items that cover cost of all internally generated intangible assets to be accounted for (66). These would include costs of materials and services, cost of employee benefits, fees to register a legal right and amortisation of patents and licenses (66, a, b, c). There however exist some freebies as far as items to be covered are concerned as there are entities that are encouraged but not necessarily required. These include amortised intangible assets that are still in u se and intangible assets that did not match up the recognition criteria in the Standard (128). 2 Explain the rationale behind the different accounting treatments for research and development expenditures. A critical review of the AASB138 shows that there are different accounting treatments given to varying research and development expenditures. Such differences exist for varying reasons.... Secondly, the tangible impact that different research and development expenditure creates is always different and subject to quantitative grading (Accounting Scholar, 2012). For this reason, there exists different accounting treatment for research and development expenditures so that accountants would have the opportunity of undertaking their own assessments of the impacts of expenses so as to undertake effective quantitative grading. In the opinion of Deegan (2012), having the same accounting treatments for all research and development expenditures would only be a way of saying that when quantitative grading is done, all entities will be on the same scale (p. 231) 3 Before the introduction of Accounting Standard AASB 138 Intangible Assets in 2005, Australian companies were allowed to treat research expenditure as an asset and spread the charge against profits over several years. a Examine possible impacts of the introduction of new accounting standards regarding research expenditure s to the key elements of companies’ financial statements such as assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses. With the coming into force of the new accounting standards on research expenditure, one of the key impacts that is expected in terms of financial statements of companies is that there will be an overall change in the technical structure and setup of their financial statements (Deegan, 2012). For example as the new accounting standards brings into force new definitions and categorisations of key entities like assets and expenditure, it is expected that the overall structure of financial standards will change drastically. In terms of assets, it is expected that companies are going to record comparatively reduced volumes of assets than they

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded Essay - 4

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow. Consider knowledge issues raised by this statement in two areas of knowledge - Essay Example For instance, as proven by Albert Einstein, it is known that the highest velocity that can be possible is the quickness of light, but it was observed that there is quicker velocity than the quickness of light. It is worth mentioning that whatever a person believes is based upon the authority as it decides what has to be accepted in the society. However, as there is a change in time accordingly there is a change in knowledge as well. Thesis Statement. Correspondingly, the objective of the essay is to discuss the issues relating to knowledge that have aroused and how the knowledge attained before can be discarded due to the changes occurred in today’s prevailing situation. Knowledge issues or problems associated with knowledge are terms which do not have a single definition as this definition might cause confusion. However, these issues are directly related to understanding the world. These issues are open to exploration and enquiry of strength along with problems relating to knowledge. These issues help in finding out how knowledge can be of assistance along with limitations of knowledge in collaboration with the approaches of explanation and confirmation in different aspects of knowledge. In a broader perspective, knowledge issues include an assortment of aspects which could be approached from the Theory of Knowledge (TOK) viewpoint wherein it allows exploration, discussion and development of the issues. For instance, most frequently raised questions by students, â€Å"Are the textbooks and questions provided by the teachers’ right?† is a knowledge issue when it is framed appropriately in TOK objectives along with aims context (Carroll , â€Å"Knowledge Issues†). Moreover, it can be expected that if the knowledge issue is treated properly then it would certainly deal with aspects that can be interlinked in different relevant ways. This is the reason because of which the knowledge issue is treated in

Accounting Standard AASB138 Intangible Assets Essay

Accounting Standard AASB138 Intangible Assets - Essay Example This means that as much as possible, no pieces and bits of expenses are to be left out. The collection of every amount that went into spending is supposed to be captured as part of the expenditure development (Deegan, 2012). This also entails a mandate whereby accounting for research and development expenses will not be done in isolation. Rather, it is expected that the expenses making up for the two will be integrated as one so as to have a total aggregate of the expenditure. What is more, the AASB138 requires specific items that cover cost of all internally generated intangible assets to be accounted for (66). These would include costs of materials and services, cost of employee benefits, fees to register a legal right and amortisation of patents and licenses (66, a, b, c). There however exist some freebies as far as items to be covered are concerned as there are entities that are encouraged but not necessarily required. These include amortised intangible assets that are still in u se and intangible assets that did not match up the recognition criteria in the Standard (128). 2 Explain the rationale behind the different accounting treatments for research and development expenditures. A critical review of the AASB138 shows that there are different accounting treatments given to varying research and development expenditures. Such differences exist for varying reasons.... Secondly, the tangible impact that different research and development expenditure creates is always different and subject to quantitative grading (Accounting Scholar, 2012). For this reason, there exists different accounting treatment for research and development expenditures so that accountants would have the opportunity of undertaking their own assessments of the impacts of expenses so as to undertake effective quantitative grading. In the opinion of Deegan (2012), having the same accounting treatments for all research and development expenditures would only be a way of saying that when quantitative grading is done, all entities will be on the same scale (p. 231) 3 Before the introduction of Accounting Standard AASB 138 Intangible Assets in 2005, Australian companies were allowed to treat research expenditure as an asset and spread the charge against profits over several years. a Examine possible impacts of the introduction of new accounting standards regarding research expenditure s to the key elements of companies’ financial statements such as assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses. With the coming into force of the new accounting standards on research expenditure, one of the key impacts that is expected in terms of financial statements of companies is that there will be an overall change in the technical structure and setup of their financial statements (Deegan, 2012). For example as the new accounting standards brings into force new definitions and categorisations of key entities like assets and expenditure, it is expected that the overall structure of financial standards will change drastically. In terms of assets, it is expected that companies are going to record comparatively reduced volumes of assets than they

Isolation of Essential Oils from Eugenol Essay Example for Free

Isolation of Essential Oils from Eugenol Essay Anyone who has walked through a forest or who enjoys the variety of fragrances that flowers have to offer knows that many plants and trees have their own distinctively pleasant odors. These odors are due to the volatile essential oils, many of which have been prized commodities since ancient times. If a list of commercially important essential oils was compiled the list would exceed 200 essential oils. Thyme, garlic, peppermint, and spearmint are but a few examples of the many essential oils used in commercial goods. Essential oils have many applications in the world that can range from flavor enhancement to perfumes. Some oils have also been found to have medicinal properties such as antibacterial and antifungal abilities. Chaulmoogra oil is one of the few know curative agents for leprosy. The oils can also be used in the paint industry, where turpentine is used as a solvent for many paint products. These oils are often found in the intracellular spaces and glands of plant tissue. The oils may be located throughout the entire plant, but are often concentrated in the seeds or flowers of the plant. Many of the essential oils are steam-volatile and can undergo steam distillation to isolate the oils. Another method of oil extraction from these plants is through both solvent extraction and pressing methods. The functional group that is mostly responsible for the characteristic odors and flavors of fruit and flowers is the ester. Although the ester composes most of the scents it is not totally responsible for all scents. Beside the ester functional group an essential oil can also possess complex mixtures of hydrocarbons, alcohols, and carbonyl groups. These compounds usually belong to one of two groups of natural products called terpenes or phenylpropanoids. Investigation of the essential oils in the nineteenth century found that many of the pleasant odors we obtain from nature contained exactly 10 carbon atoms in the compound. These 10-carbon compounds later became known as terpenes if they were hydrocarbons. If the compound contained oxygen in an alcohol, ketone, or aldehyde functional group it was called a terpenoid. It was eventually found that minor and less volatile compounds containing 15, 20, 30, and 40 carbon atoms also exist that give an odor. Since the 10-carbon compounds were at the time called terpenes they changed the name to monoterpenes. The other terpenes were classified in the following way. Class

Comparison Of Rdbms Oodbms And Ordbms Information Technology Essay

Comparison Of Rdbms Oodbms And Ordbms Information Technology Essay The presentation of the similarities and differences between relational modeling of data and the object oriented modeling of data is of great importance both for data base designers and for users. By being well acquainted with the relational model and by noting the similarities and differences between the two approaches to data modeling, designers will be able to turn into account and to make use of the already acquired experience as an important basis for understanding and learning the methodology of designing object oriented databases. At the time if designers know the similarities and differences between these two approaches they have the possibility to convert a relational model into an object oriented model and inversely Informatica Economica Journal. 01/01/2007; http://c.researchgate.net/images/symbols/icon_thumb_up_grey.png?e59f9 I like this! http://c.researchgate.net/images/symbols/icon_thumb_up.png?e59f9 You like this publication http://www.researchgate.net/publication/26589213_Comparison_of_RDBMS_OODBMS_and_ORDBMS /**************************** What is the difference between odbms rdbms and ordbms? In: Database Programming, JAVA Programming [Edit categories] Data Warehousing Software Industry leading data warehousing Gather maintain consistent data www.sas.com/uk Ads by Google http://en.site1.answers.com/templates/icons/rc_gray1.gif?v=68832http://en.site1.answers.com/templates/icons/rc_gray1b.gif?v=68832 [Improve] http://en.site1.answers.com/templates/icons/abar_a.gif?v=68832 Answer The differences between the three approaches Table 1: A Comparison of Database Management Systems Criteria RDBMS ODBMS ORDBMS Defining standard SQL2 ODMG-2.0 SQL3 (in process) Support for object-oriented features Does not support; It is difficult to map program object to the database Supports extensively Limited support; mostly to new data types Usage Easy to use OK for programmers; some SQL access for end users Easy to use except for some extensions Support for complex relationships Does not support abstract datatypes Supports a wide variety of datatypes and data with complex inter-relationships Supports Abstract datatypes and complex relationships Performance Very good performance Relatively less performance Expected to perform very well Product maturity Relatively old and so very mature This concept is few years old and so relatively mature Still in development stage so immature. The use of SQL Extensive supports SQL OQL is similar to SQL, but with additional features like Complex objects and object-oriented features. SQL3 is being developed with OO features incorporated in it Advantages Its dependence on SQL, relatively simple query optimization hence good performance It can handle all types of complex applications, reusability of code, less coding Ability to query complex applications and ability to handle large and complex applications Disadvantages Inability to handle complex applications Low performance due to complex query optimization, inability to support large-scale systems Low performance in web applications Support from vendors It is considered to be highly successful so the market size is very large but many vendors are moving towards ORDBMS Presently lacking vendor support due to vast size of RDBMS market All major RDBMS vendors are after this so has very good future http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_odbms_rdbms_and_ordbms /********************************** OODBMS (Object Oriented Database Management System) Basics http://a323.yahoofs.com/coreid/4ae33e2bid18zul6sp1/zfIn.0szaa93rhgGjKCz5w/103/tn32.jpg?ciAQ2PNBJuqYP1Eh user by Bridewin, on Sun Nov 1, 2009 7:22am PST 2 Comments Post a Comment Read More from This Author  » Report Abuse http://a323.yahoofs.com/phugc/CrYlacFZl0FQ/photos/3e34afb6e0dfef3b7ff88aa6f8a2a63f/ori_667cb5ad1ce04b.jpg?ug_____DU3GDkZ3x OODBMS System An object database (also object-oriented database) is a database model in which information is represented in the form of objects as used in object-oriented programming. Object databases are a niche field within the broader DBMS market dominated by relational database management systems (RDBMS). Object databases have been considered since the early 1980s and 1990s but they have made little impact on mainstream commercial data processing, though there is some usage in specialized areas. When database capabilities are combined with object-oriented (OO) programming language capabilities, the result is an object database management system (ODBMS). Todays trend in programming languages is to utilize objects, thereby making OODBMS ideal for OO programmers because they can develop the product, store them as objects, and can replicate or modify existing objects to make new objects within the OODBMS. Information today includes not only data but video, audio, graphs, and photos which are considered complex data types. Relational DBMS arent natively capable of supporting these complex data types. By being integrated with the programming language, the programmer can maintain consistency within one environment because both the OODBMS and the programming language will use the same model of representation. Relational DBMS projects using complex data types would have to be divided into two separate tasks: the database model and the application. As the usage of web-based technology increases with the implementation of Intranets and extranets, companies have a vested interest in OODBMS to display their complex data. Using a DBMS that has been specifically designed to store data as objects gives an advantage to those companies that are geared towards multimedia presentation or organizations that utilize computer-aided design (CAD). Some object-oriented databases are designed to work well with object-oriented programming languages such as Python, Perl, Java, C#, Visual Basic .NET, C++, Objective-C and Smalltalk; others have their own programming languages. ODBMSs use exactly the same model as object-oriented programming languages. Advantages: The main benefit of creating a database with objects as data is speed. OODBMS are faster than relational DBMS because data isnt stored in relational rows and columns but as objects. Objects have a many to many relationship and are accessed by the use of pointers. Pointers are linked to objects to establish relationships. Another benefit of OODBMS is that it can be programmed with small procedural differences without affecting the entire system. This is most helpful for those organizations that have data relationships that arent entirely clear or need to change these relations to satisfy the new business requirements. This ability to change relationships leads to another benefit which is that relational DBMS cant handle complex data models while OODBMS can. Disadvantages: Slower and more difficult to formulate than relational. Lack of interoperability with a great number of tools/features that are taken for granted in the SQL world, including but not limited to industry standard connectivity, reporting tools, OLAP tools, and backup and recovery standards. Lack a formal mathematical foundation, unlike the relational model, and this in turn leads to weaknesses in their query support. Applications: Object databases based on persistent programming acquired a niche in application areas such as engineering and spatial databases, telecommunications, and scientific areas such as high energy physics and molecular biology. They have made little impact on mainstream commercial data processing, though there is some usage in specialized areas of financial services.[6][7] It is also worth noting that object databases held the record for the Worlds largest database (being the first to hold over 1000 terabytes at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center)[8] and the highest ingest rate ever recorded for a commercial database at over one Terabyte per hour. Another group of object databases focuses on embedded use in devices, packaged software, and real-time systems. http://shine.yahoo.com/channel/none/oodbms-object-oriented-database-management-system-basics-533483/ /************************************** Observations from a Tech Architect: Enterprise Implementation Issues Solutions by Craig Borysowich  (Chief Technology Tactician) Enterprise Technology Architect Craig Borysowich shares the challenges and achievements of enterprise solution design and more Enterprise Technology Architect Craig Borysowich shares the challenges and achievements of enterprise solution design and implementation. ..less Blog Main  /   Archive  /   Invite Peers   RSSRSS for Posts  /   RSS for Comments Previous Entry / Next Entry Some Pros Cons of Relational Databases Craig Borysowich  (Chief Technology Tactician)  posted  5/1/2008 | Comments  (0) http://images.ittoolbox.com/vt/icons/thumbsup.pngLike (0) Please Sign In or Register to like this blog. Working Share Share The relational model for databases provides the basic DBMS characteristics. In addition, an RDBMS also conforms to Codds model. Relational Database Characteristics Dr. Codd established 12 rules to which a DBMS must conform to be considered relational. DBMSs vary in the way in which they comply with these rules, however, commercial relational databases generally conform to these rules. Strengths of RDBMS Flexible and well-established. Sound theoretical foundation and use over many years has resulted in stable, standardized products available. Standard data access language through SQL. Costs and risks associated with large development efforts and with large databases are well understood. The fundamental structure, i.e., a table, is easily understood and the design and normalization process is well defined. Weaknesses of RDBMS Performance problems associated with re-assembling simple data structures into their more complicated real-world representations. Lack of support for complex base types, e.g., drawings. SQL is limited when accessing complex data. Knowledge of the database structure is required to create ad hoc queries. Locking mechanisms defined by RDBMSs do not allow design transactions to be supported, e.g., the check in and check out type of feature that would allow an engineer to modify a drawing over the course of several working days. http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/enterprise-solutions/some-pros-cons-of-relational-databases-24144 /******************************* The Advantages of a Relational Database Management System ds_0ecbc811-e864-4fed-a7c6-5a46ff28cd3fContributor By Deborah Lee Soltesz, eHow Contributing Writer Article Rating: (0 Ratings)   Email   Facebook   Twitter   StumbleUpon Add to Favorites   Print   Share I want to do this! Whats This? RDBMSs provide user access control and data integrity features. data security image by dinostock from Fotolia.com   RDBMSs provide user access control and data integrity features. A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a software system that provides access to a relational database. The software system is a collection of software applications that can be used to create, maintain, manage and use the database. A relational database is a database structured on the relational model. Data are stored and presented in a tabular format, organized in rows and columns with one record per row. Data Structure The table format is simple and easy for database users to understand and use. RDBMSs provide data access using a natural structure and organization of the data. Database queries can search any column for matching entries. Multi-User Access RDBMSs allow multiple database users to access a database simultaneously. Built-in locking and transactions management functionality allow users to access data as it is being changed, prevents collisions between two users updating the data, and keeps users from accessing partially updated records. Privileges Authorization and privilege control features in an RDBMS allow the database administrator to restrict access to authorized users, and grant privileges to individual users based on the types of database tasks they need to perform. Authorization can be defined based on the remote client IP address in combination with user authorization, restricting access to specific external computer systems. Network Access RDBMSs provide access to the database through a server daemon, a specialized software program that listens for requests on a network, and allows database clients to connect to and use the database. Users do not need to be able to log in to the physical computer system to use the database, providing convenience for the users and a layer of security for the database. Network access allows developers to build desktop tools and Web applications to interact with databases. Speed The relational database model is not the fastest data structure. RDBMS advantages, such as simplicity, make the slower speed a fair trade-off. Optimizations built into an RDBMS, and the design of the databases, enhance performance, allowing RDBMSs to perform more than fast enough for most applications and data sets. Improvements in technology, increasing processor speeds and decreasing memory and storage costs allow systems administrators to build incredibly fast systems that can overcome any database performance shortcomings. Maintenance RDBMSs feature maintenance utilities that provide database administrators with tools to easily maintain, test, repair and back up the databases housed in the system. Many of the functions can be automated using built-in automation in the RDBMS, or automation tools available on the operating system. Language RDBMSs support a generic language called Structured Query Language (SQL). The SQL syntax is simple, and the language uses standard English language keywords and phrasing, making it fairly intuitive and easy to learn. Many RDBMSs add non-SQL, database-specific keywords, functions and features to the SQL language.

Hatred in Notes of a Native Son Essay -- James Baldwin

The Destructive Nature of Hatred Hatred for white society was a common sentiment among the black community during the 1950s. These feelings were expressed through different mediums, ranging from music and art, to the written word. But James Baldwin, a popular black writer during this time period, does not harp on this subject. Instead of preaching about his hatred for white America, Baldwin utilizes his narrative and analysis techniques to illustrate the destructive nature of the black society’s hatred for white society in â€Å"Notes of a Native Son†. The hatred many African Americans possessed during the 1950s caused multiple riots. Baldwin touches on this in â€Å"Notes of a Native Son†, by mentioning the Harlem riots that broke out during the time of his father’s death. Baldwin states that â€Å"it would have been better to have left the plate glass as it had been and the goods lying in the stores† (Baldwin 82), but â€Å"it would have also been intolerable, for Harlem had needed something to smash† (82). The black community, infuriated by improper police action, exploded into a fury of anger. While Baldwin does not argue against the riots, he points out their futility. The riots, as Baldwin points out, did not cross the ghetto lines. Instead of wreaking havoc in white neighborhoods, the black mob simply destroyed its own area. The mob had succumbed to its hatred for white society, but in doing so, destroyed its own neighborhood. Thus, Baldwin points out the self-destructive nature of the black community’s hatred. Instead of causing damage to white society, or even white property, the black community ended up inflicting wounds on its own people. Baldwin does not stop with this event to illustrate the irony of the black commun... ... and from it learns two key lessons to prevent a similar destruction of his own life. Baldwin first states that one must accept that â€Å"injustice is commonplace† (84). Prejudice, according to Baldwin, will always exist in life, whether it is against race, color or creed. But while prejudice is ever-present, Baldwin concludes â€Å"one must never†¦accept these injustices as commonplace but must fight them with all one’s strength† (84). In order to succeed in this fight, one must keep his â€Å"own heart free of hatred† (84). Thus according to Baldwin, the real fight is not black society versus white society, but rather man versus himself. It is only by winning this battle that one can avoid the path of destruction. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84.

Graduation Speech: Is County High the Best School in America? :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Good evening students, faculty, staff, family, and friends. I was NOT surprised to see County High School missing from Newsweek's list of the Top 100 High Schools in America for 2012. The magazine based their ranking on Advanced Placement scores and Ivy League acceptances. In the accompanying article on high school life, the journalist attempted to find the real worth of a high school education. Certainly, the excruciatingly painful 3-hour-long tests cannot sum up an entire four years of experience as a high school student. Speaking from personal knowledge, I can tell you those tests are in no shape, manner, or form fun. The journalist posed a most interesting question regarding modern education, asking, "What happened to time for fun, football games, and memories of life in high school?" Surely if national rankings were based on the overall academic, athletic, and social experience of young adults, County High would find its name at the TOP of the list. In my mind, the perfect kind of high school experience takes place here at County High. Looking back on the past four years, I have done my fair share of complaining, but I wouldn't have wanted to complain about anything else with anyone else. We've pleaded with teachers and staff to let us into football games, basketball games, and school dances without our school ID's, simply because we didn't feel like carrying them. We've managed to sneak water bottles, milk shakes, and French fries out of the cafeteria, while also managing to get caught every now and then. We've argued that our pink and tan polos actually resemble shades of orange and white, and when it came to a senior class trip, we simply couldn't bear 180 more days without one. Over the past four years, I hope you have tried to find the best in every situation and look for the best in every person. To me, County High has been the greatest place to experience high school, and you, my classmates, my friends, my best friends, you have made the past four years enjoyable and survivable. I honestly couldn't have asked for a more intelligent, more talented, and more promising group of people to spend four entire years of my life with. Where else can you sign out of school early with 30 classmates simply to spend a sunny afternoon on the beach? Where else is there a basketball-player who refers to himself as "Big Mac" and a Prom Queen who answers to "Fatty McFat-Fat? Graduation Speech: Is County High the Best School in America? :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address Good evening students, faculty, staff, family, and friends. I was NOT surprised to see County High School missing from Newsweek's list of the Top 100 High Schools in America for 2012. The magazine based their ranking on Advanced Placement scores and Ivy League acceptances. In the accompanying article on high school life, the journalist attempted to find the real worth of a high school education. Certainly, the excruciatingly painful 3-hour-long tests cannot sum up an entire four years of experience as a high school student. Speaking from personal knowledge, I can tell you those tests are in no shape, manner, or form fun. The journalist posed a most interesting question regarding modern education, asking, "What happened to time for fun, football games, and memories of life in high school?" Surely if national rankings were based on the overall academic, athletic, and social experience of young adults, County High would find its name at the TOP of the list. In my mind, the perfect kind of high school experience takes place here at County High. Looking back on the past four years, I have done my fair share of complaining, but I wouldn't have wanted to complain about anything else with anyone else. We've pleaded with teachers and staff to let us into football games, basketball games, and school dances without our school ID's, simply because we didn't feel like carrying them. We've managed to sneak water bottles, milk shakes, and French fries out of the cafeteria, while also managing to get caught every now and then. We've argued that our pink and tan polos actually resemble shades of orange and white, and when it came to a senior class trip, we simply couldn't bear 180 more days without one. Over the past four years, I hope you have tried to find the best in every situation and look for the best in every person. To me, County High has been the greatest place to experience high school, and you, my classmates, my friends, my best friends, you have made the past four years enjoyable and survivable. I honestly couldn't have asked for a more intelligent, more talented, and more promising group of people to spend four entire years of my life with. Where else can you sign out of school early with 30 classmates simply to spend a sunny afternoon on the beach? Where else is there a basketball-player who refers to himself as "Big Mac" and a Prom Queen who answers to "Fatty McFat-Fat?

Global Business Strategies Essay

Course Description The manager’s perspective in the fields of international payments, international trade, and investment are analyzed. Emphasis is given to the materials and concepts that illuminate the strategies, structure, practices, and effects of multinational enterprises. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Hill, C. W. (2009). International business. Competing in the global marketplace (7th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Contemporary Global Business Environment Details Due Points Objectives 1.1 Define globalization. 1.2 List the major drivers of globalization. 1.3 Explain some effects of globalization. 1.4 Compare and contrast the role of economic integration in promoting global business. 1.5 Relate the stage of economic development of an economically integrated region to potential business opportunities. Readings Read Ch. 1 of International Business. Read Ch. 2 of International Business. Read Ch. 3 of International Business. Read Ch. 5 of International Business. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Read the Week One Read Me First. Participation Participate in class discussion. 1 Individual Week One Quiz Post week one quiz. 1 Individual Globalization Questionnaire Prepare a comprehensive response to the following questions in 350 words. What is globalization, and what are some of the traditional international trade theories that support the concept of globalization? List the major drivers of globalization and provide three examples of each. Explain at least four effects of globalization that affect your community and your organization. 10 Week Two: Global Business Strategy Formulation Details Due Points Objectives 2 2.1 Conduct a business risk analysis. 2.2 Choose an appropriate mode of entry for global products or services. Readings Read Ch. 6 of International Business. Read Ch. 7 of International Business. Read Ch. 8 of International Business. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Read the Week Two Read Me First. Participation Participate in class discussion. 1 Individual Week Two Quiz Post week two quiz. 1 Learning Team Instructions Select a country and product to focus your cumulative Global Business Plan Learning Team project. The deliverables for the project include the following Learning Team assignments: Week Two: Comprehensive Analysis Outline and Presentation Week Three: Country Risk and Strategic Planning Analysis Paper Week Five: Final Global Business Plan and Presentation Individual Regional Integration for and Against Articles Select a region approved by your instructor and choose a trading bloc (NAFTA, EU, ASEAN, etc.) within that region. Write two 350- to 500-word articles, one article in favor of regional integration and another article against regional integration. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of regional integration and relate the stage of economic development of the economically integrated region to resumecustomerservice@livecareer.com potential business opportunities. 10 Learning Team Comprehensive Analysis Outline and Presentation Select a product and a country for a global business venture. Conduct a regional, country, and product analyses for your new global venture. Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word outline and a 5- to 7-slide summary presentation illustrating the following: Region Analysis Regional alliances and economic integration Physical environment and its affect on trade Political stability Economic conditions Finance options available Social, health, and environmental conditions Terrorism threats Country Analysis Political stability Economic conditions Finance options available Physical environment and its affect on trade Social, health, and environmental conditions Cultural considerations Organization and product or service analysis Description of your organization Product needs assessment of the target country Description of product to meet the need Format your written paper consistent with APA guidelines. 5 Week Three: Strategic Implementation: Global Business Operations Details Due Points Objectives 3 3.1 Describe the legal, cultural, and ethical challenges that confront global businesses. 3.2 Determine the various roles that host governments play in global business operations. Readings Read Ch. 12 of International Business. Read Ch. 14 of International Business. Read Ch. 15 of International Business. Read Ch. 17 of International Business. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Read the Week Three Read Me First. Participation Participate in class discussion. 1 Individual Week Three Quiz Post week three quiz. 1 Learning Team Country Risk and Strategic Planning Analysis Paper Prepare a 1,400- to 2,100-word paper in which you conduct a country risk analysis for your selected global business venture. Analyze the following risks in your paper: Political, legal, and regulatory risks Exchange and repatriation of funds risks Competitive risk assessment Taxation and double taxation risks Market risks (four Ps) Distribution and supply chain risks Physical and environmental challenges to entering and operating in a target market Social and cultural risks Cyber or technology Describe how you would manage these risks Summarize your strategic planning process: Define and clarify mission and objectives SWOTT analysis of target country Make strategy selection Select and justify an appropriate mode of entry for your global product or service Control and evaluation Devise contingency plan Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. 10 Week Four: Strategy Implementation: Finance and Marketing in Global Business Details Due Points Objectives 4 4.1 Analyze global financing and exchange rate mechanisms. 4.2 Identify multilateral and regional financial institutions that help foster global business. 4.3 Identify various methods of financing global operations. 4.4 Identify key foreign exchange risks and techniques to mitigate risk. 4.5 Conduct a global marketing analysis for a product or service. Readings Read Ch. 9 of International Business. Read Ch. 11 of International Business. Read Ch. 16 of International Business. Read Ch. 18 of International Business. Read Ch. 20 of International Business. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Read the Week Four Read Me First. Participation Participate in class discussion. 1 Individual Week Four Quiz Post week four quiz. 1 Individual Case Study Select one of the following cases from the International Business Textbook: â€Å"Nike: The Sweatshop Debate† at the end of Part 2 â€Å"Google in China† at the end of Chapter 4  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Boeing versus Airbus: Two Decades of Trade Disputes† at the end of Part 3 (Video is not required to complete this case.) â€Å"The Russian Ruble Crisis and Its Aftermath† at the end of Part 4 â€Å"Molex† at the end of Part 6 â€Å"Merrill Lynch in Japan† at the end of Part 6 Write a 500- to 750-word paper in which you address the following topics: Describe the legal, cultural, and ethical challenges that confront the global business presented in your selected case study. Determine the various roles that host governments played in this particular global business operation. Summarize the strategic and operational challenges facing global managers illustrated in your selected case. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. 15 Week Five: Changing Environment of Global Business Details Due Points Objectives 5 5.1 Identify appropriate business strategies based on business risk analysis. 5.2 Determine appropriate exit strategies for a global organization. Readings Read Ch. 4 of International Business. Read Ch. 13 of International Business. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Read the Week Five Read Me First. Participation Participate in class discussion. 1 Individual Week Five Quiz Post week five quiz. 1 Individual Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms Choose one of the following topics. Prepare a 1,050- to 1,750-word paper in which you analyze one of the following global financing and exchange rate topics: Purchasing power parity and the Big Mac index Currency hedging Hard and soft currencies Countertrade Financing via letters of credit and EXIM Bank and commercial banks Tariff and nontariff barriers Roles of international financial institutions (e.g. IMF, World Bank, ADB, etc.) Euro currency markets Define your selected topic. Explain how your topic is used in global financing operations and describe its importance in managing risks. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. 15 Individual Final Examination Prepare to take a final exam. 10 Learning Team Final Global Business Plan Paper and Presentation Prepare a 7,000- to 8,750-word paper integrating your previous Learning Team assignments to include the following new material: Summarize your findings from previous Learning Team assignments. Include the rationale for selecting your target country. Refer to your Learning Team Country Risk Analysis for highlights. Determine the marketing mix specific to your selected global product or service and explain your choice of marketing mix. Prepare a marketing plan that addresses product modification, pricing, promotional programs, distribution channels, and e-business in your chosen country. Include market indicators and trends for your product or service. Prepare a financial overview for your global venture. Include a chart that represents the general budget for your global venture. Explain how your company deals with foreign exchange risk for your global operation. Identify potential domestic and international sources of financing for your global venture. Include at least two possible financial institutions within your chosen region. Describe the degree to which your organization operates as a centralized versus decentralized organization. Include a chain of command chart to illustrate how communications would reach senior management from the field when events necessitate changes in tactics or strategy. What types of exit strategies would be most appropriate for your global venture? Some strategies to consider include divestiture of assets, handing over to a joint venture partner, diversification, shutting down operation, and contingencies for your global venture. Based on your findings, make final recommendations about the feasibility of this global venture. Would you recommend proceeding with this global venture? Explain why or why not. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. 15 Week One Quiz Questions What technological advances in telecommunications and transportation have influenced global business in the last decade? How have these technological advances affected regional economic development? What trends may be anticipated in these areas? Would globalization have been possible without these technological advances? Discuss how culture, language, and religion might influence the costs of doing business in a particular country. Support your statement with examples. Discuss the following theory: The study of global business is relevant if you work or plan to work in a large multinational company, but it has little or no significance for individuals who work in smaller national firms. Do you agree or disagree? Defend your argument with at least two supporting statements. Week Two Quiz Questions What is country risk analysis? How is this analysis conducted? Is country risk analysis an effective tool in determining the desirability of establishing a manufacturing site or other mode of entry? Define a trade deficit and a trade surplus. What are the implications of a long-term trade deficit or trade surplus? What techniques are available to correct balance of payment deficit or surplus? Does free trade equate to fair trade? Does free trade exist anywhere in the world? Respond to the questions and support your answers with examples. Week Three Quiz Questions What is the current status of the telecommunications, energy, and transportation infrastructures of the world’s fastest developing countries? What effect does importing advanced technology, such as wireless technologies, into a developing country have on that country’s telecommunications, energy, and transportation infrastructures? How do these changes in infrastructure and technology alter business productivity? What are some issues and trends in global sociocultural issues? Why must a company be sensitive to the sociocultural environment within the host country? What affect does sociocultural sensitivity have on a company’s operations or sales within a host country? What are the major staffing policies that global organizations must consider? How must an organization choose among these staffing policies? How do you assess the effect of implementing a specific staffing policy? What are the primary functions of the foreign-exchange market? Who are the participants in the market? How do global companies use the foreign-exchange market to hedge against foreign-exchange risks? Felix, a U.S. technology company has recently developed a revolutionary wireless phone. The product offers exciting new features along with all of the features of current products, but at a fraction of the manufacturing costs. As the international business manager of Felix, you have been asked to choose the best mode of entry into the European market. Your have the following options: Export your product from the United States. Enter into an alliance with a large European company. Manufacture the product in the United States and set up a wholly owned subsidiary in Europe. License a European firm to manufacture and market the phone in Europe. In preparation for your choice, list the pros and cons of each method of entry. Which choice do you present to your CEO? Support your decision. Can any product or service be marketed globally? If it sells in the United States, does it sell in another country? Explain why or why not. Can a product be marketed in the same manner in multiple countries? Defend your answer with examples. How might you relate the four Ps of marketing to customer relations management (CRM) in a global business environment? Week Four Quiz Questions What are the elements of capital budgeting? How do you determine these elements in the global business arena? Provide examples of how you would use capital budgeting analysis to determine the desirability of global projects. What are the international and regional institutions that comprise the global monetary and financial system? What role do these institutions play in  promoting global business operations? Under what conditions is it better to borrow funds from a domestic bank? When might it be necessary to borrow from a target country financial institution? Explain your answer. When would a firm choose to operate on a transnational basis? Under what circumstances would a firm use a localization strategy? When would an international strategy be employed? Support your answers with examples. Week Five Quiz Questions Describe one exit strategy an organization may use when things go wrong in a foreign country. What are some of the issues that might prompt the implementation of an exit strategy? Summarize the effect of an exit strategy on the strategic planning for a global organization? Name the factors that may contribute to the global business failure of an organization? How might a global organization protect itself against a global business failure? Are US ethical standards applicable worldwide? Explain your answer and provide examples. What are the consequences of failure to incorporate ethical considerations into global planning.