Pulling the Wool an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Pulling the Wool by Expert Prof.Ashley | 02 Dec 2016 Abstract Need essay sample on "Pulling the Wool" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The sharp contrast between William Smiths Lectures on the Philosophy and Practice of Slavery and Frederick Douglasss Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave leads to important conclusions about the vast differences in perception between those who owned and those who were owned in the period of American slavery. Smiths work implores his fellow White landowners to practice what he sees as a just treatment of African slaves. However, his contempt for abolitionists and belief that Northerners are off the mark in understanding the state of slavery in the South show his belief that the institution itself is appropriate, even God-driven, and that only a minority of slave owners may require correction. Moreover, what drives Smiths philosophythe very religion from which Douglass saw the greatest brutality spring forthcauses him to assert and reassert the necessity of slavery for both White landowner and African slave. One cannot help but be struck by the stark contrast Smiths work shows to the real-life experiences of the ex-slave Frederick Douglass as he recounts a life in which all of Smiths proposals are brutally and routinely disregarded. Pulling the Wool: Slavery in the Opposing Eyes of Frederick Douglass and William Smith William Smiths Lectures on the Philosophy and Practice of Slavery and Frederick Douglasss Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave offer a stark contrast between the two mens views on American slavery. Smith, a White proponent of slavery, outlines what he believes to be a proper and just relationship between master and slave, and disparages those slave owners who do not follow the tenets of this relationship. However, he never hesitates in stating his full support for the institution itself. Douglass, who bears the burden of slavery firsthand, reveals to the reader a world vastly different from the fat, sleek, and cheerful, and long-lived (Smith, 1856, p. 291) slaves of some of Smiths observances. His own journey from slavery to freedom affords the reader a view into a brilliant mind in contrast to what Smith (1856) believes can only be the equivalent of minors, imbeciles, and uncivilized persons (p. 282). It is Douglasss account of his awakening, from a young slave ignorant of the reasons for his bondage to a learned man of inalienable self-respect, which topples the entire premise of Smiths philosophy. Smith believes the teachings of the Christian Bible dictate the proper relationship between master and servant. Smith (1856) also details what he sees as a moral imperative on the part of White landowners to have guardianship (p. 277) over Gods poor, committed to [the benevolent White master] (p. 309), believing that they must control and protect them for their profit as well as work them for [the slave and slave owners] mutual profit. (309). In Smiths estimation, slavery is proper and just because he assumes White intellectual and moral superiority over the African slave. He never confuses his call for benevolent treatment of slaves with the idea that the institution itself may be unjust. Smith lays out what he believes are the rights of slaves according to both Christian doctrine and the law of men in his society. He pides the duties of the master into 3 main categories: the duty of masters to their slaves considered as their money, their duty to their slaves considered as social beings, and their duty to their slaves considered as religious beings (Smith, 1856, p. 283). In the first part, concerning slaves considered as masters money, Smith includes all of the physical needs of the slave. Working conditions, food, clothing and bedding, sleep and rest, housing, and free time are all detailed according to what Smith sees as ideal treatment. Woven into the framework of these requirements is a Christian code that reminds the master that he, too, will have a master in heaven. (p. 277). Smith begins by discussing the rights of the slave in regard to labor. Interestingly, Smith (1856) first focuses on what he calls a known idleness (p. 284) among slaves and warns slave owners to be dutiful in making their slaves accountable for their labor. He weaves a pattern that not only offers a sense of Christian duty on the part of the slave owner, but of the slave as well. It is Smiths insistence upon the righteousness of slavery as a Christian imperative that continues to inform and guide his philosophy. Likewise, in all of the other physical comforts he asks the slave owner to provide the slave, he asks the slave owner to give unto your servant that which is just and equal, knowing that ye also have a master in heaven (Smith, 1856, pp. 278-279). While Smith admonishes those he believes violate the Christian mandate, he shows some confidence that there is not a crisis in the treatment of slaves. In condemnation of the attitudes of Northern abolitionists, he says that A most f anatical spirit is abroad in the land on the subject of domestic slavery. The inhumanity of masters at the South is greatly exaggerated (Smith, 1856, p. 278). He goes on to compare the treatment of Southern slaves as equivalent to that of hired help in the North. Smith seems on one hand to implore the White master to better the circumstances of his slaves in order to save his very soul from damnation, while on the other to denounce the efforts of the Northern advocates of freedom. He truly believes in a system of slavery wherein the slave is completely satisfied with his lot in life, and the landowner finds himself a benevolent overseer who will profit in life and in heaven. The other two sections of Smiths call to righteous treatment of slaves follow a vein similar to the first. He repeatedly denounces those masters who violate his ideal image of slavery while insisting on the justness and necessity of the institution itself. While Smiths ideal slavery leads the reader to envision sunny pastures with young Black slave children frolicking and elders laughing and singing merrily, Douglasss account of real slave life offers a startling contrast. All of the Christian mandates of Smiths slavery are turned asunder, and, in fact, it is the very observance of the religion which causes some of the harshest abuses to occur. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, Douglass witnesses repeated acts of brutality upon the adult slaves in his company. The rumored son of the master, Douglass is given some favor in his early years, although he is never fed or clothed enough. Held up to Smiths view of slavery, Douglasss constant hunger and discomfort seem all the more intolerable. If one compares the specifics, Smiths work calls for slaves to be offered a variety of the plantations food, cooked well and prepared ahead of time so that slaves may enjoy good nutrition and take two-hour lunches to properly digest their meal. Douglasss reality, a measly monthly supply of pork or fish and corn meal doled out uncooked, makes Smiths (1856) vision of the early roasting ear, the ripe fruit, the melons, the potatoes, the fat stock(pp. 297-298) seem like paradise for a slave. In contrast, Douglass, in chapter 3, describes a large and plentiful garden that slaves were routinely whipped for stealing from. Later, living with another master, Edward Covey, Douglass and his fellow slaves are afforded 5 minutes to eat before returning to the field to work until midnight. Douglasss account of his years in bondage read like a response to Smith at every turn. Douglass recounts continual starvation and discomfort, a world wherein his only clothing as a child was a linen shirt. While Smith talks of coats, hats, and shoes, Douglass speaks of children from 7 to ten years old running naked in winter for lack of clothing. While Smith discusses the necessity for comfortable beds and encourages the master to set up separate quarters to encourage fidelity and morality among slaves he believes are less geared toward fidelity than Whites, Douglass speaks with disgust of unrelated groups of people huddled together on dirt floors sharing a blanket in winter. Douglasss journey lands him in completely different circumstances when he is taken to live in Baltimore with family members of his master, and he shows a different side of slave life in the city. However, perhaps the greatest indictment against Smiths Christian ideal comes when the mistress of the house changes her demeanor from warm, humane, and welcoming to harsh and cruel under the fatal poison of irresponsible power (Douglass, 1845, p 18). Douglass (1845) notes that the cheerful eye, under the influence of slavery, soon became red with rage (p. 18). Douglass shows how, no matter what steps one may take to set a proper course for slavery, to offer the best of worlds for all involved, the premise cannot but collapse under the weight of its injustice. Setting a proper course for slavery is suddenly seen as being as impossible as setting a proper and just course for murder or betrayal. In Douglasss experience, the inhumanity of slavery leads to dead souls performing hideous acts upon their subjects. There is no room for benevolent treatment in a reality based on the subjugation and demoralization of others. Perhaps the most striking difference between the two mens view comes in the story of Douglasss outcast grandmother. He describes how, after raising generations of a plantation owners family as well as her own, she is left alone in the woods in a hovel to fend for herself, far from the care of her extended family. Smith asks the reader why it should be difficult to afford the elderly the soothing hand of relatives in his or her final days, and he implores the master to see that the older slaves are given the respect and care they have a right to. There is a grave sadness in the story of Douglasss grandmother who, treated like chattel, is offered no such comfort. If Douglasss account leaves the reader with anything, it is the impression that religion and the benefit of being on the fortunate side of a brutal reality have pulled the wool over Smiths eyes. It is hard to imagine that Smiths reflections are a mere cover for his undying support for slavery; he truly seems to believe that Christian charity, manifest destiny, and the rights of everyone involved can merge to form an ideal state of slavery. It is his undying belief in the inferiority of the African slave that ultimately makes him comfortable with the situation. One sees, however, that it is no secret to even the least experienced master that if you teach [a slave] how to read, there would be no keeping him (Douglass, 1845, p. 20). That one fear aloneeducating the slavewould not be a fear if the slave were truly the inferior creature described in Smiths accounts. And Douglass, who eventually does just what the White master fears, provides evidence that there can exist no happy bondage, Christian or other, among human beings. References Douglass, Frederick (1845). Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Boston: The Antislavery Office. Smith, William A. (1856). Lectures on the Philosophy and Practice of Slavery. Nashville: Stevenson and Evans.

Fukushima Nuclear Catastrophe essays

Fukushima Nuclear Catastrophe essays The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear catastrophe was the largest disaster after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. According to a report released by Japanese government, the amount of radioactivity that was emitted to the atmosphere exceeded the Chernobyl disaster by 10%. One major issue that has been blamed for the disaster is the failure in equipments. At the time of the disaster two out of the six boiling water reactors had shutdown following sequence of events; earthquake and tsunami. However, the international press blamed poor communication between the government and the public, and improvised cleanup systems that ended up failing. As a result, many employees were injured and some died because of the conditions of the disaster. As news streamed daily on the possible leakages from the plant, citizens became concerned on the reluctance of authorities in providing accurate explanations of the circumstances surrounding the problem or even attempt to devise measures of curbing. It is this line that paper seeks to explore the role of communication in the events that preceded the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear catastrophe. The paper shall also outline the methods used by the company and how effective or ineffective they were. The paper draws possible lessons and recommendations from the events and provides a The success of every business endeavor lies on the ability to communicate, and communicate well. One cannot work effectively without exchange of information with potential partners and colleagues. There are contemporary issues that have significant changed the aspects of business communication. These issues include communication in diverse environment, team management, use of technology, and ethical consideration. The business environment is increasing becoming diversified in terms of personnel, which calls for teamwork and appreciation on the evident differences. Why do people find it very hard to...

Managerial Economics class dicussion wk7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial Economics class dicussion wk7 - Essay Example Substitute goods such as barter and margarine derive the same satisfaction to a consumer and they have a high elasticity of demand in that when the price of one increases consumers will purchase the substitute hence reducing its demand. Before changing the price of such substitutes a manager should ensure that he adds value to the product in order to increase the good’s utility as compared to the substitutes. You can also consider increasing the products awareness through advertising. Cross elasticity of demand is the proportionate change in the demand of a commodity as a result of the change in the price of another commodity. Substitute goods such as cereals offer the same satisfaction to a consumer and they have a high cross elasticity of demand because when the price of one increases the demand for the other substitute product increases due to a relatively low price Krugman et al, 2010. Such substitute cereals include maize and rice. If a manager wants to reduce the cross elasticity of demand of his products he can still consider adding value to the product so that its competitive advantage is increased. High quality products should also be offered so that the customer loyalty is increased. A good will have a high income elasticity of demand if a change in its price affects the consumer’s purchasing power. A luxurious good such as a car will have a high income elasticity of demand if there is a change in the income of a consumer. If the consumer’s income reduces he will no longer be able to purchase the product hence reducing its demand by a unit. A manager can consider coming up with purchasing plans such as purchasing the goods in instalments so that they can still remain affordable to the

Compare culture's different Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Compare culture's different - Research Paper Example This paper is a comparison between the Chinese and the American culture, while focusing especially on Boston’s culture when talking about America. To start with, Chinese culture believes in team work, group collaboration, and collective effort toward achieving goals and objectives, be they organizational goals or personal goals. Group cooperation is valued and encouraged. On the other hand, American culture, as is also seen in Boston, individualism prevails (Markus and Kitayama). An individual here has to rely on his own self for the accomplishment of his personal goals. American people are self-made as they do not believe in group collaboration, and thus, many of them spend lives living alone. Family system is poorer here in Boston in particular and America in general. Since the Chinese culture believes in group effort, family system there is much stronger. If we talk about business culture, Chinese culture believes in formal, hierarchical structure of social relationships. T his means that Chinese people like to know their specific position in a group or an organization, where they know how they have to behave and interact. On the other hand, American business culture is informal. Social rankings are less important, and people feel comfortable in interacting with each other due to absence of formalities. However, Chinese businesspeople give great importance to building relationships with their partners and stakeholders. They may get very frank, and prefer face-to-face communication. American people give more importance to business dealings rather than building relationships. American is an aggressive business style; while, Chinese is a very careful one. As for personal and social relationships, Chinese people keep a very small circle of friends, who are reliable, good friends. They are mostly lifelong friends, who would do anything to help out a friend in need. On the other hand, American people, especially here in Boston, people keep a lot of friends, most of whom are only acquaintances. They keep on changing friends from time to time and place to place. This has become a part of popular culture in Boston. Chinese personal relationships are also stronger, and most of them are life-long. Chinese people keep strong commitments. American popular culture has influenced people to keep short-term relationships. Hence, trust lacks in American relationships. It is interesting to note here that Chinese people expect the obligation in reverse too. When they commit in a relationship, they expect the same kind of commitment from the other person. Contrarily, American people avoid getting into relationships that demand long-term commitment in the first place. Hence, American people show more acceptance toward romantic love rather than life-long commitment in the form of marriage (Fitzpatrick et al. 113-127; Gao 329-342). Pan and Vanhonacker write in their article, that Chinese system is collective, and thus, family is a part of social norms. Chinese people have to get married because for them, family is an extension of society and not of an individual. Chinese people need to create a family in order to be socially accepted. On the other hand, since American culture is individualistic, hence family is considered as an

SLP 5 Medicaid_Health Care Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SLP 5 Medicaid_Health Care Finance - Essay Example For a family of five, the maximum allowable family income in Florida can not exceed 23.2 percent of the FPL (Family-related Medicaid programs fact sheet, 2007). Any family with 5 members must make less than $5,112 per year to qualify for Medicaid. A single adult would have to make less than $2,160 per year to be eligible for the program (Family-related Medicaid programs fact sheet, 2007). California's state administered Medicaid program is known as Medi-Cal. To qualify for Medi-Cal, the recipient must be 65 years or older, blind, are younger than 65 and have a disability (Medicare information for Californians, 2008). The person's eligibility is based on income, and whether or not you qualify for certain federal disability programs, such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI). To be eligible, a single person must make less than approximately $12,000 per year, and a married couple must make less than $18,000 per year (Medicare information for Californians, 2008). A key difference between California's and Florida's program is that California's program is designed to cover the elderly and disabled, while Florida's program is meant to cover the cost of children's health care. In fact, the eligibility requirements for children in Florida are much more liberal than for adults.

Analysis of Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM): Ginger

Analysis of Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM): Ginger Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are being used more and more by health professionals and patients in addition to medical based therapies. The Cochrane Collaboration (2000) defines alternative and complementary medicines as;Â   a broad domain of healing resources that encompasses all health system, modalities, and practices and their accompanying theories and beliefs, other than those intrinsic to the politically dominant health system of a particular society or culture in a given historical period. Complementary medicine models form the foundation of primary care systems in some countries worldwide. There are many different types of complementary and alternative medicines such as: ginger, raspberry leaf, castor oil, cabbage leaves, acupuncture and jasmine herbal tea. This written assignment will focus on ginger and will explore the use of this complementary alternative medicine across the childbearing continuum as recommended by midwives in clinical practice and will discuss the roles and responsibilities of the midwife when endorsing this intervention and the potential risks for both the woman and baby. There are many reasons why people use complementary alternative medicines such as: conventional medicine has not fixed their problem and some people believe that natural products are much more safe and healthier to use rather than prescription drugs (Women’s Health Organisation, 2012). Ginger has been used as a cooking spice as well as a herbal medicine throughout history, and has been commonly used to treat morning sickness, motion sickness, colic, gas, upset stomachs and nausea. There are special precautions and warnings that should be followed as using ginger when pregnant is debated. Herbs may contain substances that could cause premature birth, uterine contractions and miscarriage (American Pregnancy Association, 2013).There are some concerns that ginger may affect the sex hormones of a fetus and there are also reports of a miscarriage occurring close to the 12th week of pregnancy in women who took ginger to alleviate their morning sickness. There are also a few concerns that ginger may increase the risk of bleeding with some professionals advising women to not use it close to their delivery date (Medline Plus, 2014). There is not enough proof to show whether or not the use of ginger during breastfeeding is safe, therefore it is best to not use when women are breastfeeding. Morning sickness can affect up to 85% expectant mothers during the first three months of pregnancy (Koren Maltepe , 2013). From time to time the symptoms of morning sickness can become so serious, that they lead to a condition known as hyperemesis gravidum. When this occurs the woman will require hospitalization in order to replace both fluids and electrolytes intravenously. Morning sickness usually resolves in the first trimester of pregnancy, however in a small number of women, it can continue throughout the whole pregnancy. Some drugs, which are used to treat hyperemesis gravidum, have the potential to cause harm to the fetus (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2008). The first three months of pregnancy are a vital period for fetal growth, as the fetus is especially vulnerable to the detrimental effects of specific drugs and treatments. Even though today’s prescribed anti-nausea drugs do not seem to cause birth defects, many women choose to decline taki ng any medication during pregnancy and shift to the use of more natural types of remedies such as the complementary alternative medicines (Beauchamp, 2005). Few studies have been performed on whether or not complementary alternative medicines cause harm to the developing fetus however, one study suggests that ginger is safe to use for morning sickness without harming the unborn fetus with the risk of abnormalities having a rate of 1-3%. A study was performed on ‘the effectiveness and safety of ginger for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting’, with randomised controlled trials of ginger and pregnancy related vomiting and nausea being sourced from companies such as Medline and the Cochrane library. Four of the randomised controlled trials met the inclusion standards with each of the trials finding that ginger given orally was found to be suggestively more effective than placebo when decreasing the occurrence of vomiting and nausea. The conclusion of this study shows that ginger is a safe and effective treatment for pregnancy related vomiting and nausea. On the other hand, hesitation still remains in regards to gingers maximum dosage, the correct length of the treatment, the effects of over dosage and the possible interactions with prescription medications (Ding et al., 2012). Although herbs are considered natural not all of them are safe to use during pregnancy. It is the midwives role and responsibility to refer women to an herbalist to discuss complementary alternative medicines that the women may wish to use during her pregnancy. The use of alternative medicines are out of the midwives scope of practice, therefore it is important for not only midwives but other health professionals to refer the appropriate source so the women can receive the correct care. It is important for midwives to recognise the limits of their knowledge when discussing the woman’s options and alternative medicines and refer to those who are trained and accredited in their own professions (Pairman, Tracy, Thorogood, Pincombe, 2010). It is also the midwives responsibility to document any herbal medicines that she discloses she is using. It is the woman’s decision as to whether or not she takes up the offer to be referred to an herbalist, however no matter what her de cision is her record of herbal alternative medicines will be documented in her pregnancy health record for effective continuity of care. Overall, the use of complementary alternative medicines is increasing worldwide with someone women preferring these options rather than other medical therapies and substances. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of alternative medicines, there safety and effectiveness during pregnancy. For complementary alternative medicines to be considered this issue requires more research before any conclusions can be made on their effectiveness and treatment recommendations can then be put forth. The safety of complementary alternative medicines also needs to be considered before revealing a pregnant woman to these biologically active compounds (Anderson Johnson, 2005). Midwives will be increasingly called upon to assess the effectiveness and safety of complementary alternative medicines so it is crucial for them to understand the correct benefits and potential risks of these medicines and treatments to best serve patients throughout their individualised maternity care. Reference List American Pregnancy Association (2013). Herbs and pregnancy. Retreived from: http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/naturalherbsvitamins.html Anderson, F.W.P., Johnson, C.T. (2005). Complementary and alternative medicine in obstetrics. International Journal of Gynaecology Obstetrics, 91, 116-124. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2005.07.009 Beauchamp, K. (2005). Health Conditions and Concerns: Ginger Treats Morning Sickness Retreived from: http://www.bastyrcenter.org/content/view/631/ Ding, M., Leach, M., Bradley, H. (2012). The effectiveness and safety of ginger for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting: A systematic review. Journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 26 (1), e26-e30. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2012.08.001 Koren ,G., Maltepe ,C. (2013). How to survive morning sickness successfully. Retrieved from http://www.motherisk.org/documents/BSRC_morning_sickness_EN.pdf Medline Plus (2014). Ginger. Retreived from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/961.html National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2008, March). Antenatal Care; Routine Care for the healthy pregnant woman. Retrieved from http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG62fullguideline.pdf Pairman, S., Tracy, S., Thorogood, C., Pincombe, J. (2010). Midwifery: Preparation for Practice. (2nd ed). Australia: Elseiver. University of Maryland Medical Centre (2010). Ginger Overview. Retreived from: http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/ginger Women’s Health Organisation (2012). Complementary and alternative medicine. Retreived from: http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/the-healthy-woman/alternative_medicine.pdf Zollman, C., Vickers, A. (2000). What is complementary medicine? British Medical Journal, 319 (693). Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7211.693

The Doctrines of Kurt Vonnegut Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

The Doctrines of Kurt Vonnegut The writing of Kurt Vonnegut exhibits perception without restriction and imagination without limitation. It surpasses mountains of ignorance and rivers of innocence to extend emotions for society to sympathize with reality. He incorporates his knowledge and view-points into a variety of literary genres for everyone to learn of his inquiries and philosophies. To draw readers into his sphere of influence, Kurt Vonnegut administers an inflection on the present to state other tenses (Schatt 148). From government to technology, he applies his ideas to all subject matters, allowing all readers to comprehend his beliefs (Nichol 602). The literature of Kurt Vonnegut coincides with his sentiments appertaining to human substantiality, altruistic love, and Post-existentialism. A primary interrogation Vonnegut predominately accentuates is the meaning of human existence; "What is the purpose of life?" (Holland 54) Man must feel that he is "serving some purpose," that his life has substance and significance (55). To find an answer to this question, Vonnegut unwinds into the pages of his works, man's search for substantiality, and his attempt at changing his destiny to obtain answers through power. Human nature possesses man to hunger for control, and without dominance, man feels purposeless. By making him "powerless to alter his destiny in any way," Vonnegut stresses an exploration for usefulness, and the question of life's poignancy is seen w... ...sp; all he could to make our marriage a happy one. EPICAC gave me anniversary poems for Pat- enough for the next 500 years (Vonnegut, Welcome to the Monkey House 284). EPICAC knew that fate did not allow him and Pat to be together. His happiness came from the happiness he gave to her and sacrificed for his best friend. Feelings and beliefs do not necessarily need to come from emotions, and in many of Vonnegut's work, it comes f